Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is consistently recognized as a threat to living organisms, especially for human beings. For proper working of cellular signaling, functioning, and survival, a strict and balanced level of ROS is necessary. Superoxide dismutase (SOD); a group of metalloenzymes provides an important antioxidant defense mechanism, required to preserve the level of ROS in the body. The enzyme reveals the therapeutic potential against various diseases due to a deficiency in the ROS level. The review illustrates the numerous clinical aspects of SOD in various physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., with the mechanism of action. Despite limitations, the SOD enzyme has proved as a powerful tool against diseases, and various forms of conjugates and mimetics have been developed and reported to make it more efficient. Extensive studies need in this direction for use of natural SOD-based therapeutics for the prevention and cure of diseases.
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Source—all 3 structures of SOD taken from PDB database
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Abbreviations
- ADAS-cog11:
-
Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale
- CDR sob:
-
Clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes
- DCs:
-
Dendritic cells
- JAKs:
-
Janus kinases
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMSE:
-
Mini-mental state examination
- NF-Κb:
-
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK cells:
-
Natural killer cells
- p-tau:
-
Phosphorylated tau-181
- STATs:
-
Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
- T cells:
-
T lymphocyte
- TLR4:
-
Toll-like receptor 4
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The authors are thankful to Director, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India for providing support during the work.
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All authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. NC and SKK designed the study. Literature search and paper writing was done by PS. The final manuscript was prepared by PS under the supervision of NC. SKK co-supervised the manuscript and gave final comments.
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Saxena, P., Selvaraj, K., Khare, S.K. et al. Superoxide dismutase as multipotent therapeutic antioxidant enzyme: Role in human diseases. Biotechnol Lett 44, 1–22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03200-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03200-3