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Genetic Characterizations of the Iranian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikov 1929) Populations Using the Microsatellite DNA Markers

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Abstract

The genetic characterization of the Iranian honey bee was investigated by analyzing 10 polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci in 300 honey bee samples representative of twenty Iranian provinces. This study evaluated the heterozygosity (Ho and He), the Shannon index, the number of observed alleles, and F-statistics among tested populations as genetic parameters. Our finding demonstrated that the Iranian honey bee populations were described by low genetic diversity in terms of the number of observed alleles, Shannon index, and Heterozygosity values. Most populations had significant deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium cause of heterozygote shortage. Low FST and FIS values proposed the absence or very low genetic diversity within and among A. m. meda populations in the present study. The cluster analysis has categorized the honey bee samples gathered from various regions of Iran into two main groups, including honey bees in the North-West (i.e., North, Northwest, and West) provinces and honey bees in the East-South (i.e., Eastern North, Central part, and Southern) provinces of Iran. Our results also revealed lower genetic differentiation and heterozygosity among tested honey bee populations. The results from this study are consistent with previous investigations in Iran, alarming the loss of genetic diversity in the Iranian honey bee populations, which leads to more homozygosity. This study presented new data and reports on genetic structure in investigated native Iranian honey bee populations, and it will benefit future studies on selection, native biodiversity preservation and other conservation breeding projects.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Rasoul Bahreini, Dr. Esmaeil Amiri and Dr. Reza Amiri for the scientific editing of the article and are equally grateful to all the beekeepers who helped us with the sampling of their apiary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Ataollah Rahimi, Alinaghi Mirmoayedi & Samad Jamali

  2. Animal Science Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran

    Ataollah Rahimi

  3. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Danial Kahrizi & Leila Zarei

  4. Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Danial Kahrizi

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Contributions

Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Project administration: AR, DK and LZ; Methodology, Validation, Supervision: AM and SJ; Writing— review and editing: AR, DK, AM and LZ.

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Correspondence to Danial Kahrizi.

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Rahimi, A., Kahrizi, D., Mirmoayedi, A. et al. Genetic Characterizations of the Iranian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikov 1929) Populations Using the Microsatellite DNA Markers. Biochem Genet 61, 2293–2317 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-023-10368-y

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