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Phylogenetic diversity of Brazilian Metarhizium associated with sugarcane agriculture

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Abstract

Biological control of spittlebugs with Metarhizium (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Brazilian sugarcane is an example of effective pest management. However, little is known about the richness, distribution and ecology of Metarhizium species in Brazilian agroecosystems. We investigated Metarhizium diversity within a collection of 96 Brazilian isolates from spittlebugs and other insects, strains used for spittlebug control and soil isolates from sugarcane and other field crops and pristine habitats. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis of 5′-TEF and nuclear intergenic loci MzFG543igs and MzIGS3 yielded robust support for current species limits of the two most abundant taxa, Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium robertsii, and the resolution of two lineages that lie beyond currently recognized species limits in this complex. With a single exception, all isolates from insects belong to a single subclade of M. anisopliae. These data will serve as resources about Metarhizium biodiversity for insect biological control initiatives in South America.

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Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to the National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for research scholarship awards that supported this project in Brazil and USA, respectively. This work was partly supported by the research project SISBIOTA BRASIL (FAPs Nº 47/2010) from CNPq (Grant Nº 563233/2010-9) and FAPESP (Grant Nº 2010/52342-4). We thank Veronica Martins for laboratory assistance. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The mention of trade products or company or firm names does not imply that the U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends them over similar products or companies not mentioned.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) – University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil

    Janayne Maria Rezende, Ana Beatriz Riguetti Zanardo, Mariana da Silva Lopes & Italo Delalibera Jr.

  2. USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave. Bldg 010A, Rm 213, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Stephen A. Rehner

Authors
  1. Janayne Maria Rezende
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  2. Ana Beatriz Riguetti Zanardo
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  3. Mariana da Silva Lopes
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  4. Italo Delalibera Jr.
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  5. Stephen A. Rehner
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Correspondence to Janayne Maria Rezende.

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Handling Editor: Helen Roy.

Electronic supplementary material

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10526_2015_9656_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 106 kb) Supplemental Fig. S1 Maximum likelihood phylogeny of MzFG543igs including 30 Metarhizium isolates collected in Brazil from the ESALQ culture collection and nine ARSEF ex-type or taxonomically authenticated reference strains (USDA-ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures). In parentheses following the ESALQ accession codes for M. anisopliae s.l. and M. robertsii s.l. isolates are the 5′-TEF subclade assignments given in Fig. 1. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are reported above branches

10526_2015_9656_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 185 kb) Supplemental Fig. S2 Maximum likelihood phylogeny of MzIGS3 including 30 Metarhizium isolates collected in Brazil from the ESALQ culture collection and nine ARSEF ex-type or taxonomically authenticated reference strains (USDA-ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures). In parentheses following the ESALQ accession codes for M. anisopliae s.l. and M. robertsii s.l. isolates are the 5′-TEF subclade assignments given in Fig. 1. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are reported above branches

10526_2015_9656_MOESM3_ESM.doc

Supplementary material 3 (DOC 115 kb) Supplemental Table S1 Strain vouchers and collection data for Metarhizium isolates in this study

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Rezende, J.M., Zanardo, A.B.R., da Silva Lopes, M. et al. Phylogenetic diversity of Brazilian Metarhizium associated with sugarcane agriculture. BioControl 60, 495–505 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-015-9656-5

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