The heritability of age at first cigarette was estimated in 5883 Dutch twins and siblings registered with the Netherlands Twin Register. Heritability was 60% for males and 39% for females. Shared environmental influences were found in females only (30%). Linkage analyses were performed on data of 422 DZ twins and siblings from 175 families, forming 368 sibling pairs. Genomic regions that may harbor susceptibility loci for age at first cigarette with LOD score greater than 2 were detected on chromosomes 5, 14 and 22. A simultaneous analysis of these three genomic regions showed that most of the variance was explained by the linkage effect on chromosome 5 (205 cM). This peak encloses the D1A dopamine receptor gene which is a functional candidate gene for smoking behavior.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants NWO 985-10-002 and NWO 904-61-090 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and grant 3100.0038 from ZonMW/NIDA and NIDA grant 018673. DP was supported by the GenomeEUtwin project (European Union Contract No. QLG2-CT-2002-01254). Genotyping was performed by the Marshfield Center for Medical Genetics. We would like to thank E. Suchiman and N. Lakenberg of the Department of Molecular Epidemiology in Leiden and J. Hottenga (CNCR) of the department of Biological Psychology in Amsterdam for their contributions.
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Vink, J., Posthuma, D., Neale, M. et al. Genome-wide Linkage Scan to Identify Loci for Age at First Cigarette in Dutch Sibling Pairs. Behav Genet 36, 100–111 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-005-9012-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-005-9012-0