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Response of soil–pile–superstructure–quay wall system to lateral displacement under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations

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Abstract

The excess pore water pressure generated under the combined vertical and horizontal earthquake excitations is generally greater than that under the unidirectional excitation, which may further affect the dynamic response of soil-pile-superstructure-quay wall (SPSQ) system. This study conducted a coupled effective-stress analysis for the response of SPSQ system to liquefaction-induced lateral displacement under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. To accurately describe the lateral displacement behind the quay wall, the liquefaction behavior of soils was described by a modified generalized plasticity model with parameters properly determined from laboratory tests. The numerical model of the SPSQ system was validated against the previously reported centrifuge model tests. The results show that the earthquake excitation with abundant low-frequency component causes greater residual lateral displacements of pile cap (ux,RC) and quay wall (ux,RQ) than that with abundant high-frequency component. The ux,RC and ux,RQ tend to increase as the peak vertical acceleration increases for both vertical and inclined piles. Increasing the fixity of the quay wall significantly reduces the influence of vertical ground motion on the ux,RC and ux,RQ. The polarity reversal of the vertical ground motion also has a significant effect on the ux,RC and ux,RQ and should be considered in the analyses. In addition, the lateral displacement of liquefied ground causes an amount of rotation of the cap of the inclined pile, probably leading to the potential shear failure at the head of piles. Special consideration should be given to the earthquake-induced shear force at deeper location because the shear force could be significantly greater than that at the head of both inclined and vertical piles in certain cases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK20201363), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41877243, 51508271, and 52278357), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC3080400) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Ling-Yu Xu, Zhu Song, Jing-Min Pan & Guo-Xing Chen

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Wei-Yun Chen

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan

    Fei Cai

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  1. Ling-Yu Xu
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Contributions

L-YX: Conceptualization, Writing- Original draft preparation, Funding acquisition. W-YC: Writing—Investigation, Funding acquisition. FC: Supervision, Writing—Investigation, Software. ZS: Validation. Jing-Min Pan: Validation. G-XC: Supervision.

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Xu, LY., Chen, WY., Cai, F. et al. Response of soil–pile–superstructure–quay wall system to lateral displacement under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. Bull Earthquake Eng 21, 1173–1202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01572-z

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