Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preliminary ranking of alternative scalar and vector intensity measures of ground shaking

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, seismic demand in structures is predicted by building probabilistic seismic demand models that link measures of earthquake intensity (IMs) to measures of structural demand. Investigations are carried out herein for evaluating the predictive capability of a wide range of commonly-used scalar and vector-valued IMs for different peak-related demand parameters. To accomplish this goal, both efficiency and sufficiency of the candidate IMs are taken into account. The latter is evaluated with the recently-proposed “relative sufficiency measure”. This measure, which is derived based on information theory concepts, quantifies the amount of information gained (on average) by an IM relative to another about the demand parameter of interest. Evaluation of the IMs, herein, uses two sets of ground motions consisting of ordinary and pulse-like near-fault records. Two-dimensional RC frame structures, both fixed and isolated at the base, are selected. The most suitable IMs for predicting the considered different demand parameters and types of structure are identified in terms of both efficiency and sufficiency. The use of these most informative IMs is suggested to build improved probabilistic demand models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Note that the IM itself is a function of the ground motion wave-from a g (as reported in this equation for completeness). However, later on we have dropped out this functional dependence on a g for brevity.

  2. This is to be expected since estimating the integral in Eq. (15) using a small-size set of records not only implies that p(a g ) is estimated by a uniform discrete probability distribution, but also it estimates the record-to-record variability by what is depicted from a small sample of records.

  3. As explained previously, these IMs are sensitive to occurrence of nonlinearity in isolation system which is mainly reflected in MBD.

References

  • Akkar S, Özen Ö (2005) Effect of peak ground velocity on deformation demands for SDOF systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34(13):1551–1571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avşar Ö, Özdenmir G (2013) Response of seismic-isolated bridges in relation to intensity measures of ordinary and pulse-like ground motions. J Bridge Eng 18(3):250–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JW (2007) Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97(5):1486–1501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JW, Cornell CA (2006) Spectral shape, epsilon and record selection. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35(9):1077–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JW, Cornell CA (2008a) Vector-valued intensity measures incorporating spectral shape for prediction of structural response. J Earthq Eng 12(4):534–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JW, Cornell CA (2008b) Vector-valued intensity measures for pulse-like near-fault ground motions. Eng Struct 30(4):1048–1057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benavent-Climent A, Pujades LG, López-Almansa F (2002) Design energy input spectra for moderate-seismicity regions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31(5):1151–1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchini M, Diotallevi P, Baker JW (2009) Prediction of inelastic structural response using an average of spectral accelerations. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference on structural safety and reliability (ICOSSAR09), Osaka, Japan

  • Campbell KW, Bozorgnia Y (2008) NGA ground motion model for the geometric mean horizontal component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% damped linear elastic response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01 to 10s. Earthq Spectra 24(1):139–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiou B, Darragh R, Gregor N, Silva W (2008) NGA project strong-motion database. Earthq Spectra 24(1):23–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordova PP, Deierlein GG, Mehanny SS, Cornell CA (2000) Development of a two-parameter seismic intensity measure and probabilistic assessment procedure. In: Proceedings of the 2nd US-Japan workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for reinforced concrete building structures, Sapporo, Hokkaido, pp 187–206

  • Cornell CA, Krawinkler H (2000) Progress and challenges in seismic performance assessment. PEER Cent News 3(2)

  • Decreto Ministero (DM) dei Lavori Pubblici 16/01/1996 (1996) Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni in Zone Sismiche (in Italian). Italian Ministry of Public Works, Rome, Italy

  • Ebrahimian H, Jalayer F, Lucchini A, Mollaioli F, de Dominicis R (2014) Case studies on relative sufficiency of alternative intensity measures of ground shaking. In: Second European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology (2ECEES), Istanbul, Turkey, Aug 24–29

  • Elefante L, Jalayer F, Iervolino I, Manfredi G (2010) Disaggregation-based response weighting scheme for seismic risk assessment of structures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30(2):1513–1527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giovenale P, Cornell CA, Esteva L (2004) Comparing the adequacy of alternative ground motion intensity measures for the estimation of structural responses. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33(8):951–979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalayer F, Beck JL (2008) Effect of the alternative representations of ground motion uncertainty on seismic risk assessment of structures. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 37(1):61–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalayer F, Cornell CA (2003) A technical framework for probability-based demand and capacity factor design (DCFD) seismic formats. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center (PEER), 2003/2008

  • Jalayer F, Cornell CA (2009) Alternative non-linear demand estimation methods for probability-based seismic assessments. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38(8):951–972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalayer F, Beck J, Zareian F (2012) Analyzing the sufficiency of alternative scalar and vector intensity measures of ground shaking based on information theory. J Eng Mech 138(3):307–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalayer F, De Risi R, Manfredi G (2015) Bayesian cloud analysis: efficient structural fragility assessment using linear regression. Bull Earthq Eng 13:1183–1203

  • Jayaram N, Mollaioli F, Bazzurro P, De Sortis A, Bruno S (2010) Prediction of structural response of reinforced concrete frames subjected to earthquake ground motions. In: Proceedings of 9th US National and 10th Canadian conference on earthquake engineering, Toronto, Canada, 25–29 July, pp 428–437

  • Kalkan E, Kunnath SK (2007) Effective cyclic energy as a measure of seismic demand. J Earthq Eng 11(5):725–751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullback S, Leibler RA (1951) On information and sufficiency. Ann Math Stat 22(1):79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin L, Naumoski N, Saatcioglu N, Foo S (2011) Improved intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Part 1: development of improved intensity measures. Can J Civ Eng 38(1):79–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López-Almansa F, Yazgan AU, Benavent-Climent A (2013) Design energy input spectra for high seismicity regions based on Turkish registers. Bull Earthq Eng 11(4):885–912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucchini A, Mollaioli F, Monti G (2011) Intensity measures for response prediction of a torsional building subjected to bi-directional earthquake ground motion. Bull Earthq Eng 9(5):1499–1518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luco N, Cornell CA (2007) Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near-source and ordinary earthquake ground motions. Earthq Spectra 23(2):357–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luco N, Manuel L, Baldava S, Bazzurro P (2005) Correlation of damage of steel moment-resisting frames to a vector-valued set of ground motion parameter. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on structural safety and reliability (ICOSSAR05), Rome, Italy, pp 2719–2726

  • Moehle JP, Deierlein GG (2004) A framework methodology for performance-based earthquake engineering. In: Proceedings of the 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, Canada, 1–6 August

  • Mollaioli F, Bruno S, Decanini L, Saragoni R (2011) Correlations between energy and displacement demands for performance-based seismic engineering. Pure appl Geophys 168(1–2):237–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mollaioli F, Lucchini A, Cheng Y, Monti G (2013) Intensity measures for the seismic response prediction of base-isolated buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 11(5):1841–1866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori Y, Yamanaka T, Luco N, Nakashima M, Cornell CA (2004) Predictors of seismic demand of SMRF buildings considering post-elastic mode shape. In: Proceedings of 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, Canada, 1–6 August

  • Nurtuǧ A, Sucuoǧlu H (1995) Prediction of seismic energy dissipation in SDOF systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 24(9):1215–1223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OpenSees (2010) Open system for earthquake engineering simulation, version 2.2.2, Pacific earthquake engineering research center, http://opensees.berkeley.edu

  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Resarch (PEER) (2005) Next generation attenuation (NGA) project. http://peer.berkeley.edu/nga/

  • Riddell R (2007) On ground motion intensity indice. Earthq Spectra 23(1):147–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahi SK (2013) A probabilistic framework to include the effects of near-fault directivity in seismic hazard assessment. Dissertation, Stanford University

  • Shahi SK, Baker JW (2011) An empirically calibrated framework for including the effects of near-fault directivity in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 101(2):742–755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shome N, Cornell CA (1999) Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures. RMS Program, Stanford University, Report No. RMS35. https://blume.stanford.edu/rms-reports. Accessed 2 June 2014

  • Shome N, Cornell CA, Bazzurro P, Carballo JE (1998) Earthquakes, records, and nonlinear responses. Earthq Spectra 14(3):469–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sucuoǧlu H, Erberik A (2004) Energy-based hysteresis and damage models for deteriorating systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33(1):69–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vamvatsikos D, Cornell CA (2005) Developing efficient scalar and vector intensity measures for IDA capacity estimation by incorporating elastic spectral shape information. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34(13):1573–1600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yakut A, Yilmaz H (2008) Correlation of deformation demands with ground motion intensity. J Struct Eng 134(12):1818–1828

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by DPC-Reluis 2014–2016 and National Operative Program Project METROPOLIS 2014-16. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy

    Hossein Ebrahimian, Fatemeh Jalayer & Gaetano Manfredi

  2. Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Gramsci 53, 00197, Rome, Italy

    Andrea Lucchini & Fabrizio Mollaioli

Authors
  1. Hossein Ebrahimian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fatemeh Jalayer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrea Lucchini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fabrizio Mollaioli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gaetano Manfredi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hossein Ebrahimian.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 230 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ebrahimian, H., Jalayer, F., Lucchini, A. et al. Preliminary ranking of alternative scalar and vector intensity measures of ground shaking. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 2805–2840 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9755-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9755-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation