Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Importance of Interpersonal Context When Conceptualizing Sexual Pain After Female Genital Cutting

  • Commentary
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Notes

  1. To be consistent with Connor et al.’s terminology, I am using the term “sexual pain” to refer to pain during sexual activity experienced by women who have undergone FGC. However, as argued by Binik (2010) and Binik et al. (2002) and reflected in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), the pain is not inherently sexual but rather it is located in the genital and pelvic region and commonly triggered by penetrative sexual activities. The pain can be provoked in both sexual and non-sexual contexts. Thus, the terms genito-pelvic pain and pain during intercourse/sexual activity are typically preferable.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeron, S., Rosen, N. O., & Morin, M. (2011). Genital pain in women: Beyond interference with intercourse. Pain, 152, 1223–1225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binik, Y. M. (2010). The DSM diagnostic criteria for dyspareunia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 292–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binik, Y. M., Reissing, E. D., Pukall, C. F., Flory, N., Payne, K. A., & Khalifé, S. (2002). The female sexual pain disorders: Genital pain or sexual dysfunction? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 425–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner, K., & Rosen, N. O. (2015). Acceptance of vulvovaginal pain in women with provoked vestibulodynia and their partners: Associations with pain, psychological, and sexual adjustment. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12, 1450–1462. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brauer, M., Lakeman, M., van Lunsen, R., & Laan, E. (2014). Predictors of task-persistent and fear-avoiding behaviors in women with sexual pain disorders. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11, 3051–3063. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cano, A., & Williams, A. C. (2010). Social interaction in pain: Reinforcing pain behaviors or building intimacy? Pain, 149, 9–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, J. J., Brady, S. S., Chaisson, N., Mohamed, F. S., & Robinson, B. E. (2019). Understanding women’s responses to sexual pain after female genital cutting: An integrative psychological pain response model. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1422-9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, S. N. P., Bergeron, S., Bois, K., Sadikaj, G., Binik, Y. M., & Steben, M. (2015). A prospective 2-year examination of cognitive and behavioral correlates of provoked vestibulodynia outcomes. Clinical Journal of Pain, 31, 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmond, S. N., & Keefe, F. J. (2015). Validating pain communication: Current state of the science. Pain, 156, 215–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmerstig, E., Wijma, B., & Bertero, R. N. T. (2008). Why do young women continue to have sexual intercourse despite pain? Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 357–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Perters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 581–624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjistavropoulos, T., Craig, K. D., Duck, S., Cano, A., Goubert, L., Jackson, P. L., … Fitzgerald, T. D. (2011). A biopsychosocial formulation of pain communication. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 910–939. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krahé, C., Springer, A., Weinman, J. A., & Fotopoulou, A. (2013). The social modulation of pain: Others as predictive signals of salience—a systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, A., Bergeron, S., Steben, M., & Lambert, B. (2013). Do romantic partners’ responses to entry dyspareunia affect women’s experiences of pain? The roles of catastrophizing and self-efficacy. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 2274–2284. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muise, A., Bergeron, S., Impett, E. A., Delisle, I., & Rosen, N. O. (2018). Communal motivation in couples coping with vulvodynia: Sexual distress mediates associations with pain, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 106, 34–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muise, A., Bergeron, S., Impett, E. A., & Rosen, N. O. (2017). Costs and benefits of sexual communal motivation for couples coping with vulvodynia. Health Psychology, 36, 819–827. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000470.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, R. H. N., Reese, R. L., & Harlow, B. L. (2015). Differences in pain subtypes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with chronic vulvar pain. Journal of Women’s Health, 24, 144–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, R. H. N., Turner, R. M., Rydell, S. A., Maclehose, R. F., & Harlow, B. L. (2013). Perceived stereotyping and seeking care for chronic vulvar pain. Pain Medicine, 14, 1461–1467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pazmany, E., Bergeron, S., Verhaeghe, J., Van Oudenhove, L., & Enzlin, P. (2014). Sexual communication, dyadic adjustment, and psychosexual well-being in premenopausal women with self-reported dyspareunia and their partners: A controlled study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11, 1786–1797. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pukall, C. F., Goldstein, A., Bergeron, S., Foster, D., Stein, A., Kellogg-Spadt, S., & Bachmann, G. A. (2016). Vulvodynia: Definition, prevalence, impact, and pathophysiological factors. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13, 291–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Racine, M., Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Kloda, L. A., Dion, D., Dupuis, G., & Choinière, M. (2012). A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and pain perception (part 2): Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men? Pain, 153, 619–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., & Bergeron, S. (2019). Genito-pelvic pain through a dyadic lens: Moving toward an interpersonal emotion regulation model of women’s sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex Research, 56, 440–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1513987.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., Bergeron, S., Sadikaj, G., & Delisle, I. (2015). Daily associations among male partner responses, pain during intercourse, and anxiety in women with vulvodynia and their partners. Journal of Pain, 16, 1312–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.09.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., Bergeron, S., Sadikaj, G., Glowacka, M., Delisle, I., & Baxter, M. (2013). Impact of partner responses on sexual function in women with vulvodynia and their partners: A dyadic daily experience study. Health Psychology, 33, 823–831. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034550.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., Muise, A., Impett, E. A., Delisle, I., Baxter, M., & Bergeron, S. (2018). Sexual cues mediate the daily relations between interpersonal goals, pain, and wellbeing in couples coping with vulvodynia. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52, 216–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., Rancourt, K., Corsini-Munt, S., & Bergeron, S. (2014). Beyond a “woman’s problem”: The role of relationship processes in genital pain. Current Sexual Health Reports, 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-013-0006-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, N. O., Santos-Iglesias, P., & Byers, E. S. (2017). Understanding the sexual satisfaction of women with provoked vestibulodynia and their partners: Comparison with matched controls. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 43, 747–759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadownik, L., Smith, K. B., Hui, A., & Brotto, L. A. (2017). The impact of a woman’s dyspareunia and its treatment on her intimate partner: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 43, 529–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. B., & Pukall, C. F. (2014). Sexual function, relationship adjustment, and the relational impact of pain in male partners of women with provoked vulvar pain. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11, 1283–1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Natalie O. Rosen is supported by a New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. She is grateful to Samantha Dawson and Serena Corsini-Munt for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this commentary.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natalie O. Rosen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Dr. Rosen has no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rosen, N.O. The Importance of Interpersonal Context When Conceptualizing Sexual Pain After Female Genital Cutting. Arch Sex Behav 50, 1887–1890 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01523-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01523-x

Navigation