Abstract
The Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex comprises seven very closely related species. In this study, we compared the use of two different phylogenetic markers, the 26S rDNA and β-tubulin genes, for discriminating phylogenetic relationships among Saccharomyces sensu stricto strains using sequencing as well as RFLP methods. The average sequence similarity for the β-tubulin gene (90.0%) among seven strains was significantly less than that for 26S rDNA (98.6%). This result demonstrates that β-tubulin gene sequences provided higher resolution than 26S rDNA sequences. Species-specific restriction profiles of the Saccharomyces strains were obtained by cutting them with the Tsp509I enzyme. Our data indicate that phylogenetic relationships between these strains are best resolved using sequencing or RFLP analysis of the β-tubulin gene.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azumi M, Goto-Yamamoto N (2001) AFLP analysis of type strains and laboratory and industrial strains of Saccharomyces sensu stricto and its application to phenetic clustering. Yeast 18:1145–1154. doi:10.1002/yea.767
Begerow D, John B, Oberwinkler F (2004) Evolutionary relationships among beta-tubulin gene sequences of basidiomycetous fungi. Mycol Res 108:1257–1263. doi:10.1017/S0953756204001066
Borsting C, Hummel L, Schultz ER, Rose TM, Pedersen MB, Knudsen J, Kristiansen K (1997) Saccharomyces carlsbergensis contains two functional genes encoding the acyl-CoA binding protein, one similar to the ACB1 gene from S. cerevisiae and one identical to the ACB1 gene from S. monacensis. Yeast 13:1409–1421. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199712)13:15<1409::AID-YEA188>3.0.CO;2-A
Chang HW, Dom YD, Sung Y, Kim KH, Roh SW, Yoon JH, An KG, Bae JW (2007) Quantitative real time PCR assays for the enumeration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex in human feces. J Microbiol Methods 71:191–201. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.013
dos Santos SKB, Basilio ACM, Brasileiro BTRV, Simões DA, da Silva-Fiho EA, De Morais M Jr (2007) Identification of yeasts within Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex by PCR-fingerprinting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1613–1620. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9407-6
Einax E, Voigt K (2003) Oligonucleotide primers for the universal amplification of β-tubulin genes facilitate phylogenetic analyses in the regnum fungi. Org Divers Evol 3:185–194. doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00069
Esteve-Zarzoso B, Belloch C, Uruburu F, Querol A (1999) Identification of yeasts by RFLP analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the two ribosomal internal transcribed spacers. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:329–337
Fell JW, Boekhout T, Fonseca A, Scorzetti G, Statzell-Tallman A (2000) Biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1351–1371
Felsenstein J (1993) PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Hansen J, Kielland-Brandt MC (1994) Saccharomyces carlsbergensis contains two functional MET2 alleles similar to homologues from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces monacensis. Gene 140:33–40. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90727-7
Hennequin C, Thierry A, Richard GF, Lecointre G, Nguyen HV, Gaillardin C, Dujon B (2001) Microsatellite typing as a new tool for identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. J Clin Microbiol 39:551–559. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.2.551-559.2001
Huang CH, Lee FL, Tai CJ (2008) A novel specific DNA marker in Saccharomyces bayanus for species identification of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. J Microbiol Methods 75:531–534. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2008.08.005
Jacobsen MD, Davidson AD, Li SY, Shaw DJ, Gow NA, Odds FC (2008) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Candida tropicalis isolates by multi-locus sequence typing. Fungal Genet Biol 45:1040–1042. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.03.011
Josepa S, Guillamon JM, Cano J (2000) PCR differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Saccharomyces bayanus/Saccharomyces pastorianus using specific primers. FEMS Microbiol Lett 193:255–259. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09433.x
Juan L, Feng YB (2007) Single-strand conformation polymorphism of microsatellite for rapid strain typing of Candida albicans. Med Mycol 45:629–639. doi:10.1080/13693780701530950
Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120. doi:10.1007/BF01731581
Krawczyk B, Lewandowski K, Kur J (2002) Comparative studies of the Acinetobacter genus and the species identification method based on the recA sequence. Mol Cell Probes 16:1–11. doi:10.1006/mcpr.2001.0388
Kurtzman CP (2006) Yeast species recognition from gene sequence analysis and other molecular methods. Mycoscience 47:65–71. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0280-1
Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (1998) Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 73:331–371. doi:10.1023/A:1001761008817
Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2003) Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the Saccharomyces complex determined from multigene sequence analyses. FEMS Yeast Res 3:417–432. doi:10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00012-6
Manzano M, Cocolin L, Longo B, Comi G (2004) PCR-DGGE differentiation of strains of Saccharomyces sensu stricto. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 85:23–27. doi:10.1023/B:ANTO.0000020270.44019.39
Marinangeli P, Clementi F, Ciani M, Mannazzu I (2004) SED1 polymorphism within the genus Saccharomyces. FEMS Yeast Res 5:73–79. doi:10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.07.001
Nardi T, Carlot M, De Bortoli E, Corich V, Giacomini A (2006) A rapid method for differentiating Saccharomyces sensu stricto strains from other yeast species in an enological environment. FEMS Microbiol Lett 264:168–173. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00450.x
Naumov GI (1996) Genetic identification of biological species in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 17:295–302. doi:10.1007/BF01574704
Naumov GI, James SA, Naumova ES, Louis EJ, Roberts IN (2000) Three new species in Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1931–1942
Petti CA (2007) Detection and identification of microorganisms by gene amplification and sequencing. Clin Infect Dis 44:1108–1114. doi:10.1086/512818
Plachý R, Hamal P, Raclavský V (2005) McRAPD as a new approach to rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts. J Microbiol Methods 60:107–113. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2004.09.003
Pontes SP, Lima-Bittencourt CI, Chartone-Souza E, Amaral Nascimento AM (2007) Molecular approaches: advantages and artifacts in assessing bacterial diversity. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 34:463–473. doi:10.1007/s10295-007-0219-3
Putignani L, Paglis MG, Bordi E, Nebuloso E, Pucillo LP, Visca P (2008) Identification of clinically relevant yeast species by DNA sequence analysis of the D2 variable region of the 25-28S rRNA gene. Mycoses 51:209–227. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01472.x
Querol A, Belloch C, Fernán dez-Espinar MT, Barrio E (2003) Molecular evolution in yeast of biotechnological interest. Int Microbiol 6:201–205. doi:10.1007/s10123-003-0134-z
Rainieri S, Zambonelli C, Kaneko Y (2003) Saccharomyces sensu stricto: systematics, genetic diversity and evolution. J Biosci Bioeng 96:1–9
Replansky T, Koufopanou V, Greig D, Bell G (2008) Saccharomyces sensu stricto as a model system for evolution and ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 23:494–501. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.005
Redzepović S, Orlić S, Sikora S, Majdak A, Pretorius IS (2002) Identification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus strains isolated from Croatian vineyards. Lett Appl Microbiol 35:305–310. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01181.x
Robert V, Bonjean B, Karutz M, Paschold H, Peeters W, Wubbolts MG (2001) Candida bituminiphila, a novel anamorphic species of yeast. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:2171–2176
Ryu S, Murooka Y, Kaneko Y (1996) Genomic reorganization between two sibling yeast species, Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 12:757–764. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19960630)12:8<757::AID-YEA970>3.0.CO;2-H
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Tamai Y, Momma T, Yoshimoto H, Kaneko Y (1998) Co-existence of two types of chromosome in the bottom fermenting yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus. Yeast 14:923–933. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199807)14:10<923::AID-YEA298>3.0.CO;2-I
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882. doi:10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Tornai-Lehoczki J, Dlauchy D (1996) An opportunity to distinguish species of Saccharomyces sensu stricto by electrophoretic separation of the large chromosomes. Lett Appl Microbiol 23:227–230. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1996.tb00071.x
Tornai-Lehoczki J, Peter G, Dlauchy D, Deak T (1996) Some remarks on a taxonomic key for the genus Saccharomyces (Vaughan Martini and Martini 1993). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 69:229–233. doi:10.1007/BF00399611
Torriani S, Zapparoli G, Malacrino P, Suzzi G, Dellaglio F (2004) Rapid identification and differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus and their hybrids by multiplex PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:239–244. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01468.x
Wang LT, Lee FL, Tai CJ, Kasai H (2007) Comparison of gyrB gene sequences, 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA–DNA hybridization in the Bacillus subtilis group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1846–1850. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64685-0
Acknowledgments
We thank T. Y. Liu, C. C. Liao, G. F. Yuan (Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Taiwan), M. T. Chang (Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan) for their encouragement. This research was supported by the Taiwanese Ministry of Economic Affairs (project no. 97-EC-17-A-R7-0525).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The β-tubulin gene sequence data reported in this paper appear in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database with the following accession numbers: FJ238316–FJ238341.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, CH., Lee, FL. & Tai, CJ. The β-tubulin gene as a molecular phylogenetic marker for classification and discrimination of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 95, 135–142 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-008-9296-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-008-9296-1