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Distribution of Traumatic and Other Stressful Life Events by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, SES and Age: A Review of the Research

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
American Journal of Community Psychology

Abstract

Much research has shown that reports of stressful life events are related to a wide variety of psychiatric and physical health outcomes. Relatively little research exists, however, on the distribution of the events according to gender, age, racial/ethnic background, and socioeconomic status (SES). Such information would help identify groups at greatest risk for further investigation. This paper presents a review of the relevant studies. We find that traumatic (e.g., life threatening) events appear to be more frequent for men, while men and women differ more consistently on types rather than on overall numbers of stressful events other than traumatic. Traumatic and other stressful events tend to be more frequent in low SES and racial/ethnic minorities groups, and finally, both traumatic and other stressful events are reported more by younger age groups in samples 18 years of age and older. The limitations and implications of these findings for further research and preventive interventions are discussed, especially the need for more detailed information about individual events.

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Notes

  1. The authors labeled this domain “traumatic stressors.” It should be noted that the events included in this domain are not generally considered to be potentially traumatic events. Thus, the decision was made to include this domain as non-traumatic events.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Stephani L. Hatch & Bruce P. Dohrenwend

  2. Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ, UK

    Stephani L. Hatch

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

    Bruce P. Dohrenwend

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  1. Stephani L. Hatch
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  2. Bruce P. Dohrenwend
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Correspondence to Stephani L. Hatch.

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This research was supported by Research Grant # MHO59627-05 from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.

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Hatch, S.L., Dohrenwend, B.P. Distribution of Traumatic and Other Stressful Life Events by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, SES and Age: A Review of the Research. Am J Community Psychol 40, 313–332 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9134-z

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