Abstract
This review paper deals with graphical representation of entrainment experienced by fine particles during passing, either barren or mineralized, bubbles through flotation cells. Entrainment, also called mechanical carryover or mechanical flotation, is harmful because it reduces the quality of flotation concentrates. It was presented in the paper that it is convenient to show the results of entrainment as upgrading separation plots relating recovery of fines vs. water recovery. The shape of the entrainment separation curves significantly depends on the way flotation test is performed, type of flotation machine, kinetics of process, froth collecting time, concentration of frothers, collectors and modifiers, amount of air in flotation, density of pulp, amount of supplied water etc. Five types of entrainment separation plots were distinguished and presented in the paper. They were categorized as linear (type 1), linear shifted down (type 2), reaching plateau (type 3), increasing (type 4) and linear shifted up (type 5). The plots are useful for determination of appropriate entrainment coefficients characterizing the process.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bisshop, J.P., White, M.E.: Study of particle entrainment in flotation froths. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. 85, C191–194 (1976)
Drzymala, J., Ahmed, H.: Mathematical equations for approximation of separation result using the Fuerstenau upgrading curves. Int. J. Miner. Process. 76(1/2), 55–65 (2005)
Drzymala, J., Hrycyna, E.: Entrainment of particles in the Mechanobr laboratory flotation machine. Gornictwo i Geologia VII, Prace Naukowe Instytutu Gornictwa PWr. 106. Studia i Materialy, vol. 30, Wroclaw (2004)
Engelbrecht, J.A., Woodburn, E.T.: The effects of froth height aeration rate and gas precipitation on flotation. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 76(3), 125–132 (1975)
Goodman, R.H., Trahar, W.J.: Flotation of cassiterite at the Renison Tin Mine. Renison Bell, Tasmania. Int. Tin Symp., La Paz, Bolivia, Nov. 1977
Gulsoy, O.Y.: An Evaluation of the entrainment modelling approaches in flotation. Madencilik 38(1), 13–30 (1999)
Hrycyna, E.: Entrainment in the Mechanobr mechanical laboratory flotation machine. Master thesis, Mining Department, Wroclaw University of Technology (1999) (in Polish)
Johnson, N.W., McKee, D.J., Lynch, A.J.: Flotation rates of nonsulfide minerals in chalcopyrite flotation processes. Trans. AIME 256, 204–209 (1974)
Jowett, A.: Gangue mineral contamination of froth. Brit. Chem. Eng. 11, 330–333 (1966)
Kirjavainen, V.M.: Application of a probability model for the entrainment of hydrophilic particles in froth flotation. In. J. Miner. Process. 27, 63–74 (1989)
Kirjavainen, V.M.: Mathematical model for the entrainment of hydrophilic particles in froth flotation. Int. J. Miner. Process. 35, 1–11 (1992a)
Kirjavainen, V.M.: Study on Entrainment Mechanism in Dispersed Flotation Suspensions. Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Series, vol. 206, Helsinki (1992b)
Kirjavainen, V.M.: Review and analysis of factors controlling the mechanical flotation of gangue minerals. Int. J. Miner. Process. 23, 33–53 (1996)
Kirjavainen, V.M., Laapas, H.R., Heiskanen, K.G.H.: The effect of some factors on the entrainment mechanism in froth flotation. Preprints of the XVII International Mineral Processing Congress, Dresden, FRG, vol. 2, pp. 217–226 (1991)
Konopacka, Z.: Investigation on particles entrainment in flotation. Ph.D. thesis, Mining Department, Wroclaw University of Technology (2004) (in Polish)
Konopacka, Z.: Mechanical flotation. Oficyna Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wroclaw (2005) (in Polish)
Laplante, A.R.: The effect of air flow rate on the kinetics of flotation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto (1980)
Laplante, A.R., Kaya, M., Smith, H.W.: The effect of froth on flotation kinetics—a mass transfer approach. In: Laskowski, J.S. (ed.) Frothing in Flotation, vol. 5, pp. 147–168. Gordon and Breach, New York (1989)
Livshits, A.K., Bezrodnaya, R.M.: Velocity of entrainment of water and solids to froth product. Cvet. Met. 11, 14–16 (1961) (in Russian)
Lynch, A.J., Johnson, N.W., Manlapig, E.W., Thorne, G.C.: Mineral and Coal Flotation Circuits—Their Simulation and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1981)
Lynch, A.J., Johnson, N.W., McKee, D.J., Thorne, G.C.: The behaviour of minerals in sulphide flotation process with reference to simulation and control. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 74(9), 349–360 (1974)
Maachar, A., Dobby, G.S.: Measurement of feed water recovery and entrainment solids recovery in flotation columns. Can. Metall. Q. 31(3), 167–172 (1992)
Ross, V.E.: An investigation of sub-processes in equilibrium froths. II. The effect of operating conditions. Int. J. Miner. Process. 31, 51–71 (1991a)
Ross, V.E.: Comparison of methods for evaluation of true flotation and entrainment. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Sec. C 100, C121–C126 (1991b)
Ross, V.E., Van Deventer, J.S.J.: Mass transport in flotation column froths. In: Sastry, K.V.S. (ed.) Column Flotation. Proceedings of an International Symposium SME-AIME Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, pp. 129–39 (1988)
Savassi, O.N., Alexander, D.J., Franzidis, J.P., Manlapig, E.V.: An empirical model for entrainment in industrial flotation plants. Min. Eng. 11(3), 243–256 (1998)
Smith, P.G., Warren, L.J.: Entrainment of particles into flotation froths. In: Laskowski, J.S. (ed.) Frothing in Flotation, pp. 123–145. Gordon and Breach, New York (1989)
Subrahmanyam, T.V., Forssberg, E.: Froth stability, particle entrainment and drainage in flotation—a review. Int. J. Miner. Process. 23, 33–53 (1988a)
Subrahmanyam, T.V., Forssberg, E.: Study of particle entrainment in flotation with different frothers—the case of copper ore. In: XVI International Mineral Processing Congress, pp. 785–795. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988b)
Trahar, W.J.: A rational interpretation of the role of particle size in flotation. Int. J. Miner. Process. 8, 289–327 (1981)
Vera, M.A., Mathe, Z.T., Franzidis, J.P., Harris, M.C., Manlapig, E.V., O’Connor, C.T.: The modelling of froth zone recovery in bath and continuously operated laboratory flotation cells. Int. Miner. Process. 64, 135–151 (2002)
Waksmundzki, A., Neczaj-Hruzewicz, J., Ptanik, M.: Mechanism of carryover of gangue slimes during flotation of sulphur. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Sec. C 81, C249–251 (1972)
Warren, L.J.: Determination of the contributions of true flotation and entrainment in batch flotation tests. Int. J. Miner. Process. 14, 33–44 (1985)
Wojcik, W., Waksmundzki, A., Chibowski, E., Czarkowski, H.: Entrainment of slimes in coal flotation. Przem. Chem. 52, 826–828 (1973) (in Polish)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Paper is devoted to honor the memory of professor A. Waksmundzki on the 100th anniversary of his birth.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Konopacka, Z., Drzymala, J. Types of particles recovery—water recovery entrainment plots useful in flotation research. Adsorption 16, 313–320 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-010-9246-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-010-9246-x