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An Integrated System for 3D Hip Joint Reconstruction from 2D X-rays: A Preliminary Validation Study

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Abstract

The acquisition of conventional X-ray radiographs remains the standard imaging procedure for the diagnosis of hip-related problems. However, recent studies demonstrated the benefit of using three-dimensional (3D) surface models in the clinical routine. 3D surface models of the hip joint are useful for assessing the dynamic range of motion in order to identify possible pathologies such as femoroacetabular impingement. In this paper, we present an integrated system which consists of X-ray radiograph calibration and subsequent 2D/3D hip joint reconstruction for diagnosis and planning of hip-related problems. A mobile phantom with two different sizes of fiducials was developed for X-ray radiograph calibration, which can be robustly detected within the images. On the basis of the calibrated X-ray images, a 3D reconstruction method of the acetabulum was developed and applied together with existing techniques to reconstruct a 3D surface model of the hip joint. X-ray radiographs of dry cadaveric hip bones and one cadaveric specimen with soft tissue were used to prove the robustness of the developed fiducial detection algorithm. Computed tomography scans of the cadaveric bones were used to validate the accuracy of the integrated system. The fiducial detection sensitivity was in the same range for both sizes of fiducials. While the detection sensitivity was 97.96% for the large fiducials, it was 97.62% for the small fiducials. The acetabulum and the proximal femur were reconstructed with a mean surface distance error of 1.06 and 1.01 mm, respectively. The results for fiducial detection sensitivity and 3D surface reconstruction demonstrated the capability of the integrated system for 3D hip joint reconstruction from 2D calibrated X-ray radiographs.

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Acknowledgments

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation (CTI/KTI) via project No. 13523.1 PFFLR-LS.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest related to this work.

Ethical standards

The medical research ethics committee of Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland, approved the cadaveric study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics (ISTB), University of Bern, Stauffacherstr. 78, 3014, Bern, Switzerland

    Steffen Schumann, Li Liu, Lutz-P. Nolte & Guoyan Zheng

  2. Orthopedic Department, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Moritz Tannast

  3. Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Mathias Bergmann

Authors
  1. Steffen Schumann
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  2. Li Liu
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  3. Moritz Tannast
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  4. Mathias Bergmann
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  5. Lutz-P. Nolte
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  6. Guoyan Zheng
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Steffen Schumann or Guoyan Zheng.

Additional information

Associate Editor Sean S. Kohles oversaw the review of this article.

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Schumann, S., Liu, L., Tannast, M. et al. An Integrated System for 3D Hip Joint Reconstruction from 2D X-rays: A Preliminary Validation Study. Ann Biomed Eng 41, 2077–2087 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0822-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0822-6

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