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The Mandibular Cartilage Metabolism is Altered by Damaged Subchondral Bone from Traumatic Impact Loading

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a degenerative disease caused by excessive external loading. Recently, it was reported that the damage in the mineralized subchondral bone caused by traumatic impact-loading is responsible for the initiation and progression of cartilage degeneration. Thus far, we have hypothesized that cytokines released from damaged subchondral bone from impact-loading affect the cartilage catabolism under pathological conditions. An impactor of 200 gw was dropped onto the top of a porcine mandibular condyle. After organ culture for 2 days, we investigated the association between the subchondral bone and cartilage using histological and biochemical experiments. The impact-loading induced the expression of IL-1β immunohistochemically and prominently up-regulated IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels in subchondral bone. We confirmed a significant decrease in type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expressions in chondrocytes by co-culture with osteoblasts after impact-loading, and significant increase in mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β in subchondral osteoblasts from impact-loaded subchondral bone. The mRNA expressions of type II collagen, aggrecan, and type X collagen in chondrocytes were decreased significantly by the co-culture with osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β, -6, and TNF-α. Among them, osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β affected chondrocytes most strongly. It was also shown that IL-1β-treated osteoblasts enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA level most markedly in chondrocytes among the four cytokines. These results suggest that the TMJ subjected to impact-loading can increase directly IL-1β synthesis in the subchondral region, subsequently altering the metabolism of adjacent cartilage and may eventually resulting in the onset and progression of TMJ-OA.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a Grant-in-aid (# 18390554 and # 20791578) for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture in Japan. This work was also carried out with the courtesy of the Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hiroshima University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan

    Yu-Yu Lin, Nobuaki Tanaka, Satoru Ohkuma, Takashi Kamiya, Ryo Kunimatsu, Yu-Ching Huang, Motoko Yoshioka, Tomomi Mitsuyoshi, Yuki Tanne, Kotaro Tanimoto & Kazuo Tanne

  2. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan

    Eiji Tanaka

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  1. Yu-Yu Lin
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Lin, YY., Tanaka, N., Ohkuma, S. et al. The Mandibular Cartilage Metabolism is Altered by Damaged Subchondral Bone from Traumatic Impact Loading. Ann Biomed Eng 37, 1358–1367 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-009-9696-z

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