Abstract
Due to the salient feature of cutting operation, the numerical manifold method (NMM) can deal with an any-shaped problem domain by the simplest regular grid. However, this usually creates many irregularly shaped lower-order manifold elements. As a result, the NMM not only needs lots of integration points, but also encounters severe locking issues on nearly incompressible or bending-dominated conditions. This study shows a robust single-point integration rule to handle the above issue in the two-dimensional NMM. The essential idea is to separate the virtual work of an element in terms of moments to the center, so that a zero-order main term and higher-order stabilizing terms are obtained. Further, the volumetric locking and the shearing locking are avoided by modifications to the spherical part and shearing part of the stabilizing terms, and hourglass deformation is overcome since stabilizing terms are always non-zero. Consequently, in addition to fewer integration points, the rule improves accuracy since it is free from locking or hourglass issues. Numerical examples verify the robustness and accuracy improvement of the new rule.
摘要
凭借切割运算, 数值流形方法(NMM)可通过最简单的规则网格处理任意形状的问题域. 然而, 这通常会生成很多低阶的、形状 不规则的单元. 因此NMM不但需要大量积分点, 而且在几乎不可压缩和弯曲变形占优时常常存在自锁现象. 为解决上述问题, 本研究 将建立一个数值稳定的单点积分策略. 通过单元的矩, 该策略将单元虚功分解为零阶主项和高阶稳定项, 进一步通过修正高阶稳定项 中的球应变部分和剪切应变部分, 达到克服体积自锁和剪切自锁的目的, 并用始终非零的稳定项克服沙漏变形. 除了积分点更少外, 新 方法不存在体积自锁、剪切自锁和沙漏模式, 因而也具有更高精度. 文中数值算例验证了新规则的鲁棒性和精度提升.
References
O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor, and D. D. Fox, The Finite Element Method for Solid and Structural Mechanics (Elsevier, Singapore, 2015).
T. Belytschko, Y. Y. Lu, and L. Gu, Element-free Galerkin methods, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 37, 229 (1994).
N. Sukumar, D. L. Chopp, N. Moës, and T. Belytschko, Modeling holes and inclusions by level sets in the extended finite-element method, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 190, 6183 (2001).
G. Shi, in Modeling rock joints and blocks by manifold method: Proceedings of the 33th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), Santa Fe, 1992.
G. Shi, Manifold method of material analysis, Army Research Office Research Triangle Park NC (1992).
J. A. Cottrell, T. J. Hughes, and Y. Bazilevs, Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA (John Wiley & Sons, 2009).
Q. Hu, D. Baroli, and S. Rao, Isogeometric analysis of multi-patch solid-shells in large deformation, Acta Mech. Sin. 37, 844 (2021).
G. Ma, X. An, and L. He, The numerical manifold method: A review, Int. J. Comput. Methods 07, 1 (2010).
H. Zheng, and D. Xu, New strategies for some issues of numerical manifold method in simulation of crack propagation, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 97, 986 (2014).
N. Zhang, X. Li, and X. Lin, A frictional spring and cohesive contact model for accurate simulation of contact forces in numerical manifold method, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 121, 2369 (2020).
N. Zhang, H. Zheng, X. Li, and W. Wu, On hp refinements of independent cover numerical manifold method–some strategies and observations, Sci. China Tech. Sci. 66 (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-022-2221-5.
Y. Yang, G. Sun, H. Zheng, and Y. Qi, Investigation of the sequential excavation of a soil-rock-mixture slope using the numerical manifold method, Eng. Geol. 256, 93 (2019).
Y. Yang, G. Sun, H. Zheng, and C. Yan, An improved numerical manifold method with multiple layers of mathematical cover systems for the stability analysis of soil-rock-mixture slopes, Eng. Geol. 264, 105373 (2020).
H. Zheng, Y. Yang, and G. Shi, Reformulation of dynamic crack propagation using the numerical manifold method, Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 105, 279 (2019).
G. W. Ma, X. M. An, H. H. Zhang, and L. X. Li, Modeling complex crack problems using the numerical manifold method, Int. J. Fract. 156, 21 (2009).
M. Hu, Y. Wang, and J. Rutqvist, On continuous and discontinuous approaches for modeling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media using the numerical manifold method: Model development and comparison, Adv. Watern Resour. 80, 17 (2015).
Y. Wang, M. Hu, Q. Zhou, and J. Rutqvist, A new second-order numerical manifold method model with an efficient scheme for analyzing free surface flow with inner drains, Appl. Math. Model. 40, 1427 (2016).
Y. Ning, X. Liu, G. Kang, and Q. Lu, Simulations of crack development in brittle materials under dynamic loading using the numerical manifold method, Eng. Fract. Mech. 275, 108830 (2022).
G. Kang, Y. Ning, P. Chen, S. Pang, and Y. Shao, Comprehensive simulations of rock fracturing with pre-existing cracks by the numerical manifold method, Acta Geotech. 17, 857 (2022).
C. Pu, X. Yang, H. Zhao, Z. Chen, D. Xiao, C. Zhou, and B. Xue, Numerical study on crack propagation under explosive loads, Acta Mech. Sin. 38, 421376 (2022).
Q. Jiang, S. Deng, C. Zhou, and W. Lu, Modeling unconfined seepage flow using three-dimensional numerical manifold method, J. Hydrodyn. 22, 554 (2010).
L. He, X. M. An, and Z. Y. Zhao, Development of contact algorithm for three-dimensional numerical manifold method, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 97, 423 (2014).
Q. Zhang, Advances in three-dimensional block cutting analysis and its applications, Comput. Geotech. 63, 26 (2015).
E. Burman, S. Claus, P. Hansbo, M. G. Larson, and A. Massing, CutFEM: Discretizing geometry and partial differential equations, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 104, 472 (2015).
A. Lozinski, CutFEM without cutting the mesh cells: A new way to impose Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on unfitted meshes, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 356, 75 (2019).
N. Zhang, X. Li, H. Zheng, and L. L. Zhang, Some displacement boundary inaccuracies in numerical manifold method and treatments, J. Eng. Mech. 147, (2021).
S. Z. Lin, and Z. Q. Xie, A new recursive formula for integration of polynomial over simplex, Appl. Math. Comput. 376, 125140 (2020).
A. F. Bower, Applied Mechanics of Solids (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2009).
T. J. R. Hughes, Generalization of selective integration procedures to anisotropic and nonlinear media, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 15, 1413 (1980).
E. A. de Souza Neto, D. Perić, M. Dutko, and D. R. J. Owen, Design of simple low order finite elements for large strain analysis of nearly incompressible solids, Int. J. Solids Struct. 33, 3277 (1996).
W. Wu, and H. Zheng, Mixed multiscale three-node triangular elements for incompressible elasticity, Eng. Comput. 36, 2859 (2019).
E. L. Wilson, R. L. Taylor, W. P. Doherty, and J. Ghaboussi, Incompatible displacement models, Numer. Comput. Meth. Struct. Mech. 43 (1973).
G. R. Liu, K. Y. Dai, and T. T. Nguyen, A smoothed finite element method for mechanics problems, Comput. Mech. 39, 859 (2007).
G. R. Liu, and T. T. Nguyen, Smoothed Finite Element Methods (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016), p. 170.
D. P. Flanagan, and T. Belytschko, A uniform strain hexahedron and quadrilateral with orthogonal hourglass control, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 17, 679 (1981).
T. Belytschko, and L. P. Bindeman, Assumed strain stabilization of the eight node hexahedral element, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 105, 225 (1993).
J. F. Caseiro, R. A. F. Valente, A. Reali, J. Kiendl, F. Auricchio, and R. J. Alves de Sousa, On the Assumed Natural Strain method to alleviate locking in solid-shell NURBS-based finite elements, Comput. Mech. 53, 1341 (2014).
M. A. Puso, J. S. Chen, E. Zywicz, and W. Elmer, Meshfree and finite element nodal integration methods, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 74, 416 (2008).
T. Nguyen-thoi, G. R. Liu, and H. Nguyen-xuan, Additional properties of the node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM) for solid mechanics problems, Int. J. Comput. Methods 06, 633 (2009).
C. R. Dohrmann, M. W. Heinstein, J. Jung, S. W. Key, and W. R. Witkowski, Node-based uniform strain elements for three-node triangular and four-node tetrahedral meshes, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 47, 1549 (2000).
H. D. Su, Z. Fu, and Z. Q. Xie, Numerical computations based on cover meshes with arbitrary shapes and on exactly geometric boundaries (In Chinese), J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 37, 167 (2020).
J. R. H. Thomas, The Finite Element Method: Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis (Prentice-Hall, Inc., Cham, 2000).
Y. J. Cheng, Y. Li, L. Tao, P. Joli, and Z. Q. Feng, An adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics for metal cutting simulation, Acta Mech. Sin. 38, 422126 (2022).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52130905, 52079002, and 12202024). The authors would like to thank Prof. Xu Li for his kind encouragement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Ning Zhang conceived the idea, provided analyses, and write the original draft. Hong Zheng provided the funding and contributed significantly to the analysis and revision of the paper. The remaining authors contributed a lot to refining the ideas, carrying out additional analyses, and finalizing this paper.
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, N., Zheng, H., Yang, L. et al. A single point integration rule for numerical manifold method without locking and hourglass issues. Acta Mech. Sin. 39, 422318 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-023-22318-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-023-22318-x