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Bone and growth: basic principles behind rare disorders

Knochen und Wachstum: grundlegende Prinzipien hinter seltenen Erkrankungen

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Summary

The heterogeneity of “rare bone disorders” can be explained by the number of molecules and regulatory pathways which are responsible for bone health and normal stature. In this article, the most important basic principles behind bone homeostasis from development to structure and regulation of the growing skeleton are summarized. The aim is to provide the reader with some theoretical background to understand the nature of the different main groups of disorders affecting bone stability, longitudinal growth and disturbances of calcium and phosphate homeostasis.

Zusammenfassung

Hinter der Gruppe seltener Knochenerkrankungen steht ursächlich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Regulationsmechanismen, welche auch die Heterogenität der verschiedenen Erkrankungsbilder erklärt. In diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick über grundsätzliche Aspekte der Entwicklung, der Struktur und der Regulation des wachsenden Skelettsystems gegeben werden. Auf diese Weise sollen dem interessierten Leser die ganz unterschiedlichen seltenen Ursachen hinter erhöhter Frakturneigung, aber auch seltenen Wachstumsstörungen und Störungen der Mineralisation verständlich präsentiert werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Adalbert Raimann, Diana-Alexandra Ertl & Gabriele Haeusler

  2. Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria

    Adalbert Raimann, Diana-Alexandra Ertl & Gabriele Haeusler

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  1. Adalbert Raimann
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  2. Diana-Alexandra Ertl
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  3. Gabriele Haeusler
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Contributions

GH initiated the review, AR, DAE and GH contributed equally in literature research, drafting and writing of the manuscript. After critical final review, all authors gave their consent to submit the paper.

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Correspondence to Gabriele Haeusler.

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A. Raimann, D.-A. Ertl and G. Haeusler declare that they have no competing interests.

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A. Raimann and D.-A. Ertl are co-first authors.

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Raimann, A., Ertl, DA. & Haeusler, G. Bone and growth: basic principles behind rare disorders. Wien Med Wochenschr 171, 86–93 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-020-00809-3

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