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Organerhaltende Therapiemodalitäten – welche Therapie für welches Karzinom?

Organ sparing treatment modalities – which type of treatment for which carcinoma?

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Summary

Radical surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy is still the most effective treatment option for advanced resectable head and neck cancer. It is therefore of utmost importance to determine the resectability before start of the treatment. For those patients who suffer from unresectable cancer or refuse to undergo surgery, alternatives, such as induction-chemotherapy or radiotherapy plus chemotherapy alone may be offered. Historical studies investigating alternative treatment protocols were conducted almost 20 years ago. These studies demonstrated that in approximately 2/3 of all patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer undergoing induction-chemotherapy according to the PF-protocol (cisplatin plus 5-FU as a continuous infusion) and subsequent radiotherapy, larynx preservation without negative impact on overall survival could be achieved. At least three randomized studies have shown a clinical advantage for a treatment combination consisting of docetaxel or paclitaxel plus CDDP/5-FU over a historical control regimen containing CDDP/5-FU alone. This novel combination therefore is currently regarded as the gold-standard for induction-chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients. A further significant addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the head and neck radiation oncologist is the recently introduced monoclonal antibody cetuximab. It was found in a randomized landmark study that addition of cetuximab to radiotherapy significantly improves local control as well as overall survival of advanced stage head and neck cancer patients. In light of these recent developments this review discusses the role of organ sparing treatment protocols and different levels of evidence with special consideration of tumor localization.

Zusammenfassung

Nach wie vor stellt – bei operablen Tumoren – die radikale Resektion mit anschliessender Radiotherapie- die Therapieoption mit dem höchsten kurativen Potential dar. Es ist daher von entscheidender Bedeutung vor Beginn der Therapie zu klären, ob eine radikale Resektion möglich ist und ob die Operation mit allen Konsequenzen (z.B. möglicher Verlust von Sprache) vom Patienten akzeptiert wird. Jenen Patienten, die eine radikale Resektion ablehnen, kann alternativ eine Induktionschemotherapie mit nachfolgender Radio(chemo)-therapie angeboten werden. Historische Studien zu dieser Fragestellung wurden zu Beginn der 90iger Jahre publiziert, wo erstmals gezeigt werden konnte, dass in etwa 2/3 aller Patienten mit Larynx- und Hypopharynxkarzinomen mit einer Induktionschemotherapie nach dem PF-Schema (Cisplatin und 5-Fluorouracil-Dauerinfusion) und nachfolgender Radiotherapie ein Larynxerhalt ohne negativen Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben möglich war. In zumindest 3 randomisierten Studien konnte rezent eine signifikante Überlegenheit einer 3-fach-Kombination bestehend aus einem Taxan (Docetaxel oder Paclitaxel) und Cisplatin/5-FU im Vergleich zur historischen Standardtherapie (Cisplatin/5-FU) gezeigt werden, sodass das sogenannte DCF-Schema nun den neuen Goldstandard der Induktionschemotherapie darstellt. Eine weitere wesentliche Bereicherung des therapeutischen Armentariums stellt der gegen den EGF-Rezeptor gerichtete monoklonale Antikörper Cetuximab dar, für den erst kürzlich in Kombination mit einer Radiotherapie eine signifikante Überlegenheit sowohl bezüglich des Überlebens wie auch der Lokalkontrolle bei fortgeschrittenen Tumoren der Kopf-Halsregion gegenüber einer alleinigen Radiotherapie demonstriert wurde. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungen und der Tatsache, dass die internistische Therapie bis zum Jahr 2000 -mit Ausnahme der Induktionschemotherapie bei Patienten mit Larynx- und Hypopharynxkarzinom- praktisch nur in der palliativen Situation zum Einsatz kam, soll im folgenden Artikel die Evidenzlage für eine organerhaltende Therapie in Abhängigkeit von der Tumorlokalisation diskutiert werden.

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Correspondence to Gabriela Verena Kornek.

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Kornek, G., Selzer, E. Organerhaltende Therapiemodalitäten – welche Therapie für welches Karzinom?. Wien Med Wochenschr 158, 264–269 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0531-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0531-1

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