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Landslide hazard, monitoring and conservation strategy for the safeguard of Vardzia Byzantine monastery complex, Georgia

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Abstract

This paper reports preliminary results of a feasibility project developed in cooperation with National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia, and aimed at envisaging the stability conditions of the Vardzia monastery slope (rupestrian city cave in the south-western Georgia). The aim is the implementation of a low-impact monitoring system together with long-term mitigation/conservation policies. A field analysis was conducted to reconstruct geometry of the rocky cliff, characteristics of discontinuities, main failure modes, and volume of potential unstable blocks and geomechanical parameters. Instability processes are the combination of causative factors such as the following: lithology, frequency and orientation of discontinuities, slope orientation, physical and mechanical characteristics of slope-forming materials, and morphological and hydrological boundary conditions. The combined adoption of different survey techniques (e.g., 3D laser scanner, ground-based radar interferometry) could be the best solution in the interdisciplinary field of cultural heritage preservation policies. The collected data will be the basis for future activities to be completed in collaboration with local authorities for a complete hazard and risk characterization for the monastery site and the development of an early warning system to allow safe exploitation for touristic activities and for historical site preservation.

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Acknowledgments

This paper has been developed within the activities of the International Consortium of Landslides, network on “Landslides and Cultural & Natural Heritage (LACUNHEN)”. The authors are very grateful to all the National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia staff members for their support and continuous help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ICL Network on Landslides and Cultural & Natural Heritage, Rome, Italy

    C. Margottini & D. Spizzichino

  2. National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

    N. Antidze

  3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

    J. Corominas

  4. Department of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

    G. B. Crosta & P. Frattini

  5. Earth Sciences Department, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy

    G. Gigli

  6. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica, 10135, Torino, Italy

    D. Giordan, G. Lollino & A. Manconi

  7. Geo-Research Institute, Osaka, Japan

    I. Iwasaky

  8. National Technical Univeristy of Athens, Athens, Greece

    P. Marinos

  9. Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Technical University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    C. Scavia

  10. Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome/SurveyLab, Sapienza Spinoff, Rome, Italy

    A. Sonnessa

  11. Agriculture University of Georgia, Centre of Development of Georgian Cultural Heritage Resources, Tbilisi, Georgia

    N. Vacheishvili

Authors
  1. C. Margottini
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  2. N. Antidze
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  3. J. Corominas
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  4. G. B. Crosta
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  5. P. Frattini
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  6. G. Gigli
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  7. D. Giordan
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  8. I. Iwasaky
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  9. G. Lollino
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  10. A. Manconi
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  11. P. Marinos
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  12. C. Scavia
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  13. A. Sonnessa
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  14. D. Spizzichino
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  15. N. Vacheishvili
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Correspondence to C. Margottini.

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Margottini, C., Antidze, N., Corominas, J. et al. Landslide hazard, monitoring and conservation strategy for the safeguard of Vardzia Byzantine monastery complex, Georgia. Landslides 12, 193–204 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0548-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0548-z

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