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Compensating freshwater habitat loss—duck productivity and food resources in man-made wetlands

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Abstract

The number of wetlands in Europe decreased by more than 60% by the 1990s compared with the beginning of the twentieth century. Man-made wetlands may be an effective way to compensate for the loss and degradation of freshwater ecosystems. This loss impacts the populations of declining duck species, partly due to a lack of suitable breeding opportunities. In this study, we evaluated duck productivity and invertebrate abundance in 13 man-made Finnish wetlands that were created for waterbirds. Our findings revealed that man-made wetlands have higher duck production than average natural boreal lakes. High invertebrate levels were a key factor that positively correlated with duck pair density, brood density, duckling density of the common teal (Anas crecca), and duck density during the post-breeding period. Our results suggest that man-made wetlands are a useful tool for increasing duck productivity. For upholding this status in the long term, appropriate management should involve maintaining sufficient invertebrate levels.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Wenfei Liao for detailed guidance for data arrangement, inspections of duck pair counting, and initial data analyses. We thank Stella Thompson for her diligent proofreading of this paper.

Funding

The fieldwork by Saara Kattainen was funded by the REAH project of Metsähallitus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Markéta Čehovská

  2. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Kattainen, V.-M. Väänänen & P. Nummi

  3. Metsähallitus, P.O. Box 81, 90100, Oulu, Finland

    A. Putaala

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  1. Markéta Čehovská
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  2. S. Kattainen
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  3. V.-M. Väänänen
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Correspondence to Markéta Čehovská.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 9 Summary data for each of the 13 man-made wetlands in Finland during 2008–2011. The table shows mean densities of pairs, broods, and fledged ducks in July–August (numbers per km of shoreline per survey) and the mean invertebrate biomass index per trap for the studied years
Full size table
Table 10 ZAP model results for three duck species. The random effects of lakes are 1.112 for mallard, 0.972 for teal, and 1.172 goldeneye occurrence models, respectively
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Table 11 ZAP model results for teal and goldeneye broods. The random effects of lakes are 0.632 in the occurrence model for goldeneye and 0.302 in the conditional model, respectively. ZAP model results for teal and goldeneye. The random effects of lakes are 1.202 in the occurrence model and 0.512 in the conditional model, respectively
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Table 12 ZAP model results for teal density during the post-breeding period (August). The random effects of lakes are 0.682 in the occurrence model and 0.642 in the conditional model, respectively
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Čehovská, M., Kattainen, S., Väänänen, VM. et al. Compensating freshwater habitat loss—duck productivity and food resources in man-made wetlands. Eur J Wildl Res 68, 35 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-022-01577-8

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