Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals affecting the environment and can severely restrict growth as well as development of animals plus plants in the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of iron nanoparticles on antioxidant enzymes plus photosynthetic pigments of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Cd stress. We applied cadmium chloride at six levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg soil) in the soil along with foliar spraying of iron nanoparticles at five levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/L). The results indicated that chlorophyll content diminished with increasing Cd stress, while carotenoid content increased with fewer slopes. Foliar spraying of iron nanoparticles at 0.25 and 0.5 g/L improved leaf chlorophyll content in plants grown under 25 and 50 mg/kg of Cd in the soil. The activity of antioxidant enzymes at lower concentrations of Cd and without the foliar spraying of iron nanoparticles was partially enhanced. By increasing the amount of Cd in the soil, the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was recorded when 1 g/L of iron nanoparticles was sprayed. Also, iron nanoparticles at the rate of 0.75 g/L maximized the activity of superoxide dismutase, indicating a positive effect of iron nanoparticles on Cd stress in purslane plants. Based on our results, foliar spraying of iron nanoparticles could enhance the purslane plant tolerance to cadmium through increasing levels of carotenoids and antioxidant enzymes activity.
Zusammenfassung
Cadmium (Cd) ist eines der giftigsten Metalle in der Umwelt und kann das Wachstum und die Entwicklung von Tieren und Pflanzen im Boden stark beeinträchtigen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirkung des Blattspritzens von Eisennanopartikeln auf antioxidative Enzyme und photosynthetische Pigmente von Portulak (Portulaca oleracea L.) unter Cd-Stress zu untersuchen. Wir brachten Cadmiumchlorid in sechs Konzentrationen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 und 125 mg/kg Boden) in den Boden ein, während wir gleichzeitig Eisennanopartikel in fünf Konzentrationen (0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 und 1 g/L) auf die Blätter sprühten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der Chlorophyllgehalt mit zunehmender Cd-Belastung abnahm, während der Carotinoidgehalt mit zunahm. Das Besprühen der Blätter mit Eisennanopartikeln in einer Konzentration von 0,25 und 0,5 g/L verbesserte den Chlorophyllgehalt der Blätter bei Pflanzen, die unter 25 und 50 mg/kg Cd im Boden angebaut wurden. Die Aktivität der antioxidativen Enzyme war bei niedrigeren Cd-Konzentrationen und ohne die Blattsprühung von Eisennanopartikeln teilweise erhöht. Bei Erhöhung der Cd-Menge im Boden wurde die höchste Aktivität der Guajakol-Peroxidase (GP) und der Ascorbat-Peroxidase (APX) festgestellt, wenn 1 g/L Eisennanopartikel gesprüht wurden. Außerdem maximierten Eisennanopartikel in einer Menge von 0,75 g/L die Aktivität der Superoxiddismutase, was auf eine positive Wirkung von Eisennanopartikeln auf Cd-Stress bei Portulakpflanzen hinweist. Basierend auf unseren Ergebnissen könnte das Blattspritzen von Eisennanopartikeln die Toleranz der Portulakpflanze gegenüber Cadmium durch die Erhöhung des Gehalts an Carotinoiden und der Aktivität der antioxidativen Enzyme verbessern.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge Shahrood University of Technology (Shahrood, Iran), Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (Sari, Iran) for financial support of this study.
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Z.N. Akandi, H. Makarian, H. Pirdashti, M.R. Amerian, M. Baradaran Firozabadi and M.A. Tajik Ghanbary declare that they have no competing interests.
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Akandi, Z.N., Makarian, H., Pirdashti, H. et al. Iron Nanoparticles-induced Improvement of Antioxidant Enzymes and Photosynthetic Pigments of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Under Cadmium Stress. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 829–838 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00680-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00680-9