Abstract
Mulch enhances soil fertility by preventing moisture loss, maintaining soil temperature, suppressing weed growth, facilitating microbial growth, preventing soil erosion and compaction. Mulching is recommended in potato cultivation because of its ability to conserve soil moisture. Organic and inorganic mulches are commonly used in potato production. Due to irregular rainfall patterns and rainfed irrigation system in the region, mulching is an essential practice that must be undertaken to enhance growth, productivity and profitability of potatoes. To explore more about the effects of different mulches on potato, an investigation was taken out to see how different organic and inorganic mulches impacted the yield, quality, and economics of potato. The experiment had ten treatments and observations recorded on various parameters were related to yield, quality, and economics. The results revealed that among all the inorganic mulches, treatment (T1) black polythene mulch had the highest number of tuber per plant (23.00 TN), average tuber weight (0.750 kg), marketable tuber yield per plot (31.72 kg), total yield (496.89 q ha−1), total soluble solid (7.68 0Brix), vitamin C (18.74 mg 100 g−1), specific gravity (1.083 g cc−1), dry matter content (22.51%), starch content (14.70%) and protein content (1.746%). As for the organic mulches, treatment (T8) rice straw mulch recorded maximum tubers per plant (16.68 TN), average tuber weight per plant (0.438 kg), marketable tubers per plot (13.42 kg) and total yield (275.68 q ha−1). Among the quality parameters of organic mulches, treatment (T9) farmyard manure mulch recorded maximum vitamin C (18.72 mg 100 g−1), while (T8) rice straw mulch recorded maximum total soluble solid (7.65 0Brix), specific gravity (1.074 g cc−1), dry matter content (21.23%), protein content (1.75%) and starch content (12.80%). A maximum net return of 4.51 per rupee (0.013 united states dollar) invested was registered with treatment (T1) black polythene inorganic mulch. For the organic mulch, a maximum return of 2.83 per rupee (0.013 united states dollar) invested were registered with the (T8) rice straw mulch.
Zusammenfassung
Mulch verbessert die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, indem er Feuchtigkeitsverluste verhindert, die Bodentemperatur aufrechterhält, das Unkrautwachstum unterdrückt, das mikrobielle Wachstum fördert und Bodenerosion und -verdichtung verhindert. Mulchen wird im Kartoffelanbau empfohlen, weil es die Bodenfeuchtigkeit bewahrt. Im Kartoffelanbau werden in der Regel organische und anorganische Mulchmaterialien verwendet. Aufgrund der unregelmäßigen Niederschlagsmuster und des Bewässerungssystems in der Region ist das Mulchen eine wichtige Maßnahme, um das Wachstum, die Produktivität und die Rentabilität der Kartoffeln zu verbessern. Um mehr über die Auswirkungen verschiedener Mulcharten auf die Kartoffel zu erfahren, wurde untersucht, wie sich verschiedene organische und anorganische Mulcharten auf den Ertrag, die Qualität und die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Kartoffel auswirken. Der Versuch umfasste zehn Behandlungen, und die Beobachtungen, die zu verschiedenen Parametern aufgezeichnet wurden, bezogen sich auf den Ertrag, die Qualität und die Wirtschaftlichkeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass von allen anorganischen Mulchmaterialien die Behandlung (T1) mit schwarzem Polyethylenmulch die höchsten Werte verzeichnete bezüglich der Anzahl Knollen pro Pflanze (23,00 TN), des durchschnittlichen Knollengewichts (0,750 kg), des vermarktbaren Knollenertrags (31,72 kg), des Gesamtertrags (496,89 q ha−1), der gesamten löslichen Feststoffe (7,68 0Brix), Vitamin C (18,74 mg 100 g−1), des spezifischen Gewichts (1,083 g cc−1), des Trockensubstanzgehalts (22,51 %), des Stärkegehalts (14,70 %) und des Proteingehalts (1,746 %). Was die organischen Mulche betrifft, so wurden bei der Behandlung (T8) mit Reisstrohmulch das Maximum im Hinblick auf die Knollen pro Pflanze (16,68 TN), das durchschnittliche Knollengewicht pro Pflanze (0,438 kg), die vermarktbaren Knollen (13,42 kg) und den Gesamtertrag (275,68 q ha−1) erzielt. Von den Qualitätsparametern der organischen Mulche wies die Behandlung (T9) mit Stallmistmulch den höchsten Vitamin-C-Gehalt (18,72 mg 100 g−1) auf, während die Behandlung (T8) mit Reisstrohmulch die höchsten Werte in Bezug auf den Gehalt an löslichen Feststoffen (7,65 0Brix), das spezifische Gewicht (1,074 g cc−1), den Trockensubstanzgehalt (21,23 %), Proteingehalt (1,75 %) und Stärkegehalt (12,80 %) ergab. Ein maximaler Nettoertrag von 4,51 pro investierter Rupie (0,013 US-Dollar) wurde bei der Behandlung (T1) mit schwarzem anorganischem Polyethylenmulch verzeichnet. Für den organischen Mulch wurde ein maximaler Ertrag von 2,83 pro investierter Rupie (0,013 US-Dollar) mit dem (T8) Reisstrohmulch registriert.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to all the members of the Division of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, India for their encouragement and support. The authors extend also their appreciation to Taif University for supporting current work by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
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The current work was funded by the Division of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, India and also partially supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP–2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
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Z. Zahed, S. Mufti, S.S. Kumar, O.A. Wani, F. Mushtaq,R. Rasool, S. Babu, I. Abidi, A. Gaber and A. Hossain declare that they have no competing interests.
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Conceptualization, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; methodology, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; software, Z. Z. and O.A.W.; validation, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; formal analysis, Z. Z. and O.A.W.; investigation, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; resources, Z. Z., S.B., and M.M.H.; data curation, Z. Z. and O.A.W.; writing—original draft preparation, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; writing—review and editing, A.G. and A.H.; visualization, Z. Z., S.M., S.S.K., O.A.W., F.M., R.R., S.B. and I. A.; supervision, S.B.; project administration, S.B. and M.M.H.; Funding, A.G. and A.H. All authors have read and agreed to submit the manuscript to the journal.
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Zahed, Z., Mufti, S., Kumar, S.S. et al. Organic and Inorganic Mulches Combination Improves the Productivity, Quality and Profitability of Rainfed Potato in the Temperate Himalayan Region. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 1109–1122 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00650-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00650-1