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Effect of forest roadside on vegetation characteristics in the Hyrcanian temperate forest

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of forest roadside on plant diversity and composition in the Hyrcanian temperate forest of northern Iran. To collect vegetation data, 116 rectangular sampling plots were established at two microhabitats (i.e., cut and fill slopes) of forest roads. For both microhabitats, the highest life form belonged to hemicryptophytes. Among the 85 identified species, 58 were native, 12 invasive, 9 potentially invasive, 5 pioneer, and 1 exotic. On the roadside microhabitats, the ground cover of the Rosaceae family, with 11 species, was the highest among plant families. The highest frequency of Grime’s life history strategies was the competitive strategy. Shannon–Wiener diversity and species richness indices of cut slopes were significantly higher than those of fill slopes. Partial canonical correspondence analysis indicated that species composition on roadsides was primarily influenced by microhabitats, elevation, gradient, canopy cover, story layer, occurrence of bare soil, and clay content. Our study contributes to understanding how roadside microhabitats affect environmental conditions, which might be helpful to forest road managers when implementing best management practices.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the “Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)” under grant number 99016122. Azade Deljouei’s research at the Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania, has been supported by the program “Transilvania Fellowship for Postdoctoral Research/Young Researchers.”

Funding

This work was supported by the “Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)” under grant number 99016122.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Soghra Keybondori, Ehsan Abdi & Vahid Etemad

  2. Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania

    Azade Deljouei & Stelian Alexandru Borz

  3. School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Azade Deljouei

  4. Life Science Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

    Adrián Lázaro-Lobo

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA

    Gary N. Ervin

  6. Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

    Zahed Shakeri

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Contributions

SK, ZS, and EA were involved in conceptualization; SK, AD, and AL-L performed the formal analysis and were involved in writing—original draft preparation; SK, EA, and AD were involved in methodology; EA and VE were involved in resources; SK and VE were involved in investigation; EA was involved in supervision; EA, AD, GN. E, and SAB were involved in writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ehsan Abdi.

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Appendix 1.

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Table 3 Floristic composition, life form, life span, chorotype, status, and Grime's CSR strategy of the recorded species in the studied area
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Keybondori, S., Abdi, E., Deljouei, A. et al. Effect of forest roadside on vegetation characteristics in the Hyrcanian temperate forest. Eur J Forest Res 142, 455–473 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01535-2

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