Abstract
The soil in the area surrounding copper mines is often highly contaminated by mining-induced heavy metal pollution. This study investigated the effect of metal-induced stress on the anatomical characteristics of native Brachystegia longifolia Benth trees naturally growing in a polluted environment around Mufulira in northern Zambia. Annual growth rings, cell dimensions, wood density and vulnerability indices were assessed from wood extracted from trees growing in a contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Significant differences were observed between the study sites in the basic wood density and anatomical characteristics. Growth rings and cell dimensions were generally smaller at the Cu- and Fe-contaminated sites. The percentage reductions in cell dimensions at the polluted site accounted for 47% fibre wall thickness, 27% fibre length, 24% fibre diameter, 27% vessel length, 23% vessel diameter and 39% in axial parenchyma cells. An average wood density of 0.52 and 0.61 g/cm3 was recorded at the control and polluted site, respectively, representing a 17% increase in the heavy metal-contaminated environment. Furthermore, significantly lower vulnerability (47%), mesomorphic (54%) and fibre/vessel (40%) ratios were observed at the polluted site. These results confirm that copper mining pollution-induced heavy metal stress alters the anatomical characteristics of B. longifolia wood, which can affect the sustainable utilization of B. longifolia trees naturally growing in heavy metal-polluted environments.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Notes
High Mn concentration in B. longifolia leaves on unpolluted site is due to low soil pH (Mulenga et al. 2022a),
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CM was involved in study conceptualization, sample collection and data analysis. CM, CC and MM helped in study design, results interpretation and manuscript drafting. CC and MM contributed to mobilized resources and supervised the study. MM was involved in manuscript editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Mulenga, C., Clarke, C. & Meincken, M. Effect of copper mining pollution-induced heavy metal toxicities on B. longifolia Benth wood cell characteristics. Eur J Forest Res 142, 317–330 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01524-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01524-x