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Genetic resilience of Atlantic forest trees to impacts of biome loss and fragmentation

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Abstract

Understanding populational genetic diversity is crucial for making proper decisions about conservation and sustainable species management. In this work, we overviewed the conservation genetics of economically exploited tree species that are vulnerable to extinction in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For this, data on genetic parameters from research on 10 species of evergreen trees dwelling in that environment were compiled. Genetic variability differences between young and adults were assessed when data were available for both stages. Very low values observed for the probability of identity (PI) suggested that the SSR markers used had sufficient statistical power to consistently evaluate genetic variability of the populations. An innovative analytical approach using linear mixed-effect models revealed an integrated influence of the number of individuals sampled per population and the number of SSR markers on the output of the genetic estimators assessed. A large number of different alleles (NA) were observed in four out of the 10 species, indicating these populations may still hold unique and rare alleles. HO was smaller than HE for all but one of the studied species, suggesting higher numbers of homozygotes than expected. Comparison of data between ontogenic stages suggested that the time frame of habitat loss and fragmentation was not yet sufficient to cause significant loss of genetic diversity and differentiate populations. Our findings are discussed considering that intensity and duration of selective lodging and economic exploitation appear to be crucial for the underlying ecological patterns and for the definition of proper diversity conservation strategies.

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Data availability

The files containing sampling sites and genotyping data with microsatellite markers will be deposited in the Dryad database.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de nível Superior (CAPES), who provided postdoctoral researcher fellowship to ASS, and doctoral studies scholarship to NSS (Finance Code 001). The research was also supported by grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) provided to FAG. (CNPq Proj. #306160/2017-0). The authors would like to thank the colleagues in the Conservation Genetics group at UESC by scientific discussions with regards to this manuscript. We also thank the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) for the laboratory facilities and infrastructure provided for the research.

Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de nível Superior – CAPES (Grant numbers: Code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grant numbers: 306160/2017–0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil

    Natália Santos de Santana, Alesandro Souza Santos, Daniela Bitencourt Borges, Daniele de Souza França, Mariana Araújo Barreto, Ronan Xavier Corrêa & Fernanda Amato Gaiotto

  2. Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, nº 1015 Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, 44574490, Brazil

    Jeiza Botelho Leal Reis

  3. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Cândido Rondon, 400. Cidade Universitária 13083875, Caixa-Postal: 6010, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira

  4. Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Centro Sul, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Rodovia SP 127, km 30. Vila Fátima, Piracicaba, SP, 13400970, Brazil

    Maria Imaculada Zucchi

  5. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, km 110, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil

    Karina Martins

  6. Laboratório Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil

    Sonia Cristina Oliveira Melo

  7. Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil

    Alesandro Souza Santos & Fernanda Amato Gaiotto

  8. Laboratório de Biocontrole e Bioprospecção, Centro de Biologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil

    Leandro Lopes Loguércio

Authors
  1. Natália Santos de Santana
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  2. Alesandro Souza Santos
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  3. Daniela Bitencourt Borges
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  4. Daniele de Souza França
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  5. Jeiza Botelho Leal Reis
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  6. Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira
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  7. Mariana Araújo Barreto
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  8. Ronan Xavier Corrêa
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  9. Maria Imaculada Zucchi
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  10. Karina Martins
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  11. Sonia Cristina Oliveira Melo
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  12. Leandro Lopes Loguércio
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  13. Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
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Contributions

The authors ASS, FAG and LLL contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by ASS. All authors contributed to the data collection. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NSS, ASS and LLL, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors NSS, ASS and LLL have contributed equally to this work and shared first authorship.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alesandro Souza Santos.

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de Santana, N.S., Santos, A.S., Borges, D.B. et al. Genetic resilience of Atlantic forest trees to impacts of biome loss and fragmentation. Eur J Forest Res 142, 161–174 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01516-x

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