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Large-scale geostatistical mapping and occupancy-abundance patterns of Cerambyx species threatening SW Spain oak forests

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Abstract

Wood-boring insects are considered potential contributing/inciting factors to oak decline. Cerambyx cerdo (Cc) and C. welensii (Cw) are two sympatric oak-living large sapro-xylophagous longhorn beetles with different pest/legal status, whose larvae bore into living wood of healthy/decayed trees, and whose impact has increased alarmingly in recent years. We conducted a regional-scale multi-year (2017–2020) field study to model Cc and Cw distribution and to explore species-specific occupancy-abundance patterns. Records were obtained with 1650 feeding traps placed throughout the region of Extremadura (SW Spain) (41,634 km2) in holm, cork and pyrenean oak woodlands. Catch number (a proxy of abundance) was analysed through GLMMs, LMs and geostatistical interpolation (IK algorithm) to generate catch probability maps. Catch number was extremely variable between trees (traps), stands and years (Cc: 0–252, Cw: 0–219 adults/trap) with no repulsive interspecific association at the tree scale. Explanatory factors in the models (species, sex, year and host oak) and several interactions among them significantly affected catch number. As a whole, Cw was more abundant than Cc, but catch number greatly depended on host tree (Cw: cork > holm > pyrenean oak, Cc: holm > cork > pyrenean oak). Occupancy-abundance patterns were positive with significant occupancy x species interaction. Niche breadth was more than double in Cw (Levins’ BA = 0.42) than in Cc (BA = 0.19) and niche overlap almost complete (Pianka’s O = 0.98). Our large-scale pioneer study shows that Cc and Cw are widespread in SW Spain, but with huge host-mediated intra- and interspecific geographic variation in abundance, which has critical implications in population management/control strategies.

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Data availability

Table S1—The raw dataset generated in this study is available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362469352.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all companions and colleagues who provided assistance in either field or laboratory; to the owners, tenants and managers of the dehesas and oak forests for their good disposition to conduct this study; to the companies Aguas del Suroeste (Los Riscos) and Gespesa (Ecoparque de Talarrubias) for the supply of PET containers; to Emiliano Zamora (Estación Enológica de Almendralejo) for the continued supply of red wine (just to be used in traps!); and to two anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. This research was supported by the Plant Health Service (SSV), Junta de Extremadura.

Funding

TC benefited from a Margarita Salas postdoctoral fellowship (Next Generation EU). The remaining authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received.

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Author notes

  1. Tara Canelo

    Present address: Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Prof. Baeta Neves” (CEABN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Consejería de Agricultura DRPyT, Junta de Extremadura, Avda. Luis Ramallo s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain

    Luis M. Torres-Vila & F. Javier Mendiola-Díaz

  2. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Francisco J. Moral-García

  3. Grupo de Investigación Forestal - INDEHESA, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain

    Tara Canelo

Authors
  1. Luis M. Torres-Vila
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  2. F. Javier Mendiola-Díaz
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  3. Francisco J. Moral-García
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Contributions

LMT-V: contributed to conceptualisation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, supervision, validation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. FJM-D: contributed to conceptualisation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, and writing—review and editing. FJM-G: contributed to formal analysis, visualisation, and writing—review and editing. TC: contributed to formal analysis, visualisation, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Luis M. Torres-Vila.

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Communicated by Claus Bässler.

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Torres-Vila, L.M., Mendiola-Díaz, F.J., Moral-García, F.J. et al. Large-scale geostatistical mapping and occupancy-abundance patterns of Cerambyx species threatening SW Spain oak forests. Eur J Forest Res 141, 1045–1057 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01487-z

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