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On Otis tarda and Marquis de Sade: what motivates male Great Bustards to consume Blister Beetles (Meloidae)?

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Abstract

Blister Beetles (Meloidae), invertebrates that can synthesize high doses of the protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin, are ingested preferentially by male Great Bustards (Otis tarda) during their mating season. Previous authors hypothesized that the bustards benefit from antihelminthic and antimicrobial properties of cantharidin. However, given that the ingestion of Blister Beetles is performed particularly in mating season, it may be that the cantharidin has more important direct effects on male behavior, possibly by increasing sexual arousal of males. Thus, we propose that cantharidin consumption by male Great Bustards is a form of self-medication to increase courtship display, willingness to participate in pre-breeding male–male competitions at leks, display intensity, and mating success.

Zusammenfassung

Von Otis tarda und der Marquis de Sade: was bringt Großtrappen dazu, Ölkäfer (Meloidae) zu fressen?

Ölkäfer (Meloidae), die hohe Dosen des Proteinphosphatase-Inhibitors Cantharidin synthetisieren, werden bevorzugt von Großtrappen (Otis tarda) während ihrer Balzzeit gefressen. Frühere Autoren stellten die Hypothese auf, die Großtrappen profitierten von den antihelminthischen und antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften des Cantharidins. Aber die Tatsache, dass die Ölkäfer speziell während der Balzzeit gefressen werden, könnte darauf hinweisen, dass das Cantharidin noch andere, wichtige direkte Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten der Männchen hat: eine mögliche Steigerung ihrer sexuellen Erregung. Wir nehmen daher an, dass die vermehrte Aufnahme von Ölkäfern durch Großtrappen-Männchen eine Art „Selbstmedikation“ zur Steigerung ihrer Balzaktivitäten ist, ihrer Bereitschaft zu Konkurrenzkämpfen mit anderen Männchen an den Balzstätten und der Intensität ihrer Balz und so letztlich des Paarungserfolgs.

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Notes

  1. Despite cantharidins clearly displaying antimicrobial and antihelminthic properties, these effects are observed only when extremely high concentrations of cantharidins are applied. When compared to IC50 against PP1 and PP2A, the effective antimicrobial concentrations of cantharidins are higher by four orders of magnitude against Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus, by six orders of magnitude against Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp., and Kocuria sp., and they are ineffective against Staphylococcus lentus (Bravo et al. 2014).

  2. The amino acid sequence identity of human PP2A catalytic subunit (NCBI Acc. No. NP_002706), amino acids 40–309, is 98–100 % in all birds with sequences of PP2A catalytic subunit publicly available in the NCBI GenBank database as of 23 May 2016 (65 species). There were available also two bustard PP2A catalytic subunit sequences, belonging to the species MacQueen's Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii; NCBI Acc. Nos. XP_010138515 and EOB07367), the amino acid sequences of which were 100 % identical to amino acids 40–309 of the human PP2A catalytic subunit.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the project PRVOUK P31/2012 from the Charles University in Prague.

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Correspondence to Petr Heneberg.

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Communicated by K. C. Klasing.

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Heneberg, P. On Otis tarda and Marquis de Sade: what motivates male Great Bustards to consume Blister Beetles (Meloidae)?. J Ornithol 157, 1123–1125 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-016-1369-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-016-1369-8

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