Skip to main content
Log in

Relationship between magnetic field strength and magnetic-resonance-related acoustic noise levels

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The need for better signal-to-noise ratios and resolution has pushed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards high-field MR-scanners for which only little data on MR-related acoustic noise production have been published. The purpose of this study was to validate the theoretical relationship of sound pressure level (SPL) and static magnetic field strength. This is relevant for allowing adequate comparisons of acoustic data of MR systems at various magnetic field strengths. Acoustic data were acquired during various pulse sequences at field strengths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Tesla using the same MRI unit by means of a Helicon rampable magnet. Continuous-equivalent, i.e. time-averaged, linear SPLs and 1/3-octave band frequencies were recorded. Ramping from 0.5 to 1.0 Tesla and from 1.0 to 2.0 Tesla resulted in an SPL increase of 5.7 and 5.2 dB(L), respectively, when averaged over the various pulse sequences. Most of the acoustic energy was in the 1-kHz frequency band, irrespective of magnetic field strength. The relation between field strength and SPL was slightly non-linear, i.e. a slightly less increase at higher field strengths, presumably caused by the elastic properties of the gradient coil encasings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brummett RE, Talbot JM, Charuhas P (1988) Potential hearing loss resulting from MR imaging. Radiology 169:539–540

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hurwitz R, Lane SR, Bell RA, Brant-Zawadzki MN (1989) Acoustic analysis of gradient-coil noise in MR imaging. Radiology 173:545–548

    Google Scholar 

  3. Shellock FG, Ziarati M, Atkinson D, Chen DY (1998) Determination of gradient magnetic field-induced acoustic noise associated with the use of echo planar and three-dimensional, fast spin echo techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 8:1154–1157

    Google Scholar 

  4. Moelker A, Maas RA, Lethimonnier F, Pattynama PMT (2002) Interventional MR Imaging at 1.5 T: quantification of sound exposure. Radiol 224:889–895

    Google Scholar 

  5. Elliott MR, Bowtell RW, Morris PG (1999) The effect of scanner sound in visual, motor, and auditory functional MRI. Magn Reson Med 41:1230–1235

    Google Scholar 

  6. Shellock FG, Morisoli SM, Ziarati M (1994) Measurement of acoustic noise during MR imaging: evaluation of six "worst-case" pulse sequences. Radiology 191:91–93

    Google Scholar 

  7. McJury M, Blug A, Joerger C, Condon B, Wyper D (1994) Short communication: acoustic noise levels during magnetic resonance imaging scanning at 1.5 T. Br J Radiol 67:413–415

    Google Scholar 

  8. Counter SA, Olofsson A, Grahn HF, Borg E (1997) MRI acoustic noise: sound pressure and frequency analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 7:606–611

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cho ZH, Park SH, Kim JH, Chung SC, Chung ST, Chung JY, Moon CW, Yi JH, Sin CH, Wong EK (1997) Analysis of acoustic noise in MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 15:815–822

    Google Scholar 

  10. Miyati T, Banno T, Fujita H, Mase M, Narita H, Imazawa M, Sanada S, Koshida K, Kasuga T (2001) Characteristics of acoustic noise in echo-planar imaging. Front Med Biol Eng 10(4):345–56

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ravicz ME, Melcher JR, Kiang NY (2000) Acoustic noise during functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am 108:1683–1696

    Google Scholar 

  12. Foster JR, Hall DA, Summerfield AQ, Palmer AR, Bowtell RW (2000) Sound-level measurements and calculations of safe noise dosage during EPI at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:157–163

    Google Scholar 

  13. Price DL, De Wilde JP, Papadaki AM, Curran JS, Kitney RI (2001) Investigation of acoustic noise on 15 MRI scanners from 0.2 T to 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 13:288–293

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mansfield P, Glover PM, Beaumont J (1998) Sound generation in gradient coil structures for MRI. Magn Reson Med 39:539–550

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hedeen RA, Edelstein WA (1997) Characterization and prediction of gradient acoustic noise in MR imagers. Magn Reson Med 37:7–10

    Google Scholar 

  16. American National Standard (1995) S1.13–(1995). Measurement of sound pressure levels in air. Acoustical Society of America

  17. Beranek L, Istvan L (1992) Noise and vibration control engineering: principles and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley-Interscience, New York

  18. Miyati T, Banno T, Fujita H, Mase M, Narita H, Imazawa M, Ohba S (1999) Acoustic noise analysis in echo planar imaging: multicenter trial and comparison with other pulse sequences [letter]. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 18:733–736

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adriaan Moelker.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moelker, A., Wielopolski, P.A. & Pattynama, P.M.T. Relationship between magnetic field strength and magnetic-resonance-related acoustic noise levels. MAGMA 16, 52–55 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-003-0005-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-003-0005-9

Keywords

Navigation