Abstract
The negative effects of the accelerating climate change due partly to fossil fuel consumption is calling for the rapid development of sustainable energies such as biohydrogen, which is produced using microorganisms. Here we review biohydrogen production from biomass, with focus on biomass pretreatment, fermentative production, factors affecting production, bioreactors, kinetics and modeling, and improved production with nanoparticles. Pretreatments include chemical, physical and biological methods. Hydrogen production is done by photo-fermentation or dark fermentation. Influencing factors comprise pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time, and the presence of fermentation inhibitors. Continuous stirred tank-, anaerobic fluidized bed-, anaerobic sequencing batch-, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket- and dynamic membrane reactors are used. Additives include cobalt, nickel and iron nanoparticles. Compared to thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical processes, biohydrogen production needs more time but is easy to operate, cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
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Abbreviations
- %:
-
Percentage
- °C/min:
-
Degree Celsius per minute
- °C:
-
Degree Celsius
- atm:
-
Atmosphere (unit of pressure)
- ADP:
-
Adenosine diphosphate
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- BGU/mL:
-
β-Glucanase units per milliliter
- CH4 :
-
Methane
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- d:
-
Day
- e– :
-
Electron
- Fe:
-
Iron
- FPU/mL:
-
Filter paper units per milliliter
- G(t):
-
Cumulative CH4 or H2 production
- g:
-
Grams
- Gt CO2-eq/year:
-
Gigaton carbon dioxide equivalent per year
- H+ :
-
Proton
- h:
-
Hours
- H2 :
-
Hydrogen
- H2O:
-
Water
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- H2SO4 :
-
Sulfuric acid
- H3PO4 :
-
Phosphoric acid
- HCl:
-
Hydrochloric acid
- IU/mL:
-
International units per milliliter
- J:
-
Instantaneous flux
- kg:
-
Kilogram
- kHz:
-
Kilohertz
- kJ/mol:
-
Kilojoule per mole
- KOH:
-
Potassium hydroxide
- kPa:
-
Kilopascal
- kW:
-
Kilowatt
- L:
-
Liter
- M:
-
Molar
- m2 :
-
Meter Square
- m3 :
-
Cubic meter
- mg:
-
Milligram
- min:
-
Minute
- MJ/kg:
-
Megajoule per kilogram
- mL:
-
Microliter
- mM:
-
Millimole
- mol/mol:
-
Mole per mole
- N:
-
Normal
- N2 :
-
Nitrogen
- NAD:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
- NaOH:
-
Sodium hydroxide
- Ni:
-
Nickel
- O2 :
-
Oxygen
- P:
-
Maximum CH4 or H2 production potential
- Pa:
-
Pascal
- Pa·s:
-
Pascal-second
- psi:
-
Pound per square inch
- Rc :
-
Cake layer resistance
- Rm :
-
Intrinsic resistance of membrane mesh
- Rmax :
-
Maximum CH4 or H2 production rate
- Rp :
-
Pore-clogging resistance
- rpm:
-
Revolutions per minute
- Rt :
-
Total membrane resistance
- s:
-
Seconds
- S:
-
Sulfur
- t:
-
Time
- TMP:
-
Trans-membrane pressure
- U/L:
-
Units per liter
- V:
-
Volt
- vol.%:
-
Volume percent
- w:
-
Watt
- wt.%:
-
Weight percentage
- λ:
-
Lag phase
- μ:
-
Dynamic viscosity of permeate water
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Funding
SN acknowledges the financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program. SS is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India) for the Junior Research Fellowship program. VV and AAK acknowledge the funding received from the Department of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India) within the framework of the Indo-Russian Project (DST/INT/RUS/RSF/P-62/2021) and by the Russian Science Foundation (Project number: 22-49-02002).
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Sahil, S., Singh, R., Masakapalli, S.K. et al. Biomass pretreatment, bioprocessing and reactor design for biohydrogen production: a review. Environ Chem Lett (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01722-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01722-6