Abstract
Global warming is induced partly by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, calling for sustainable methods to sequester carbon. Here we review carbon capture, usage, and storage with microalgae, with focus on methods to improve carbon dioxide uptake, systems combining wastewater and flue gases, machine learning for strain identification, artificial intelligence and automation, and the circular bioeconomy. Carbon dioxide uptake by microalgae can be improved by using modified photobioreactors, membranes, chemical methods, solvents, adapted strains, genetically engineered strains, omics, and nanotechnology. We also discuss the economic viability of microalgae-based carbon capture and bioenergy generation. On an average, microalgal farming on 13 million acres area can sequester approximately 0.5 gigatons of CO2 to generate more than 300 tons of biomass.
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Abbreviations
- CCSU:
-
Carbon capture, storage, and utilization
- CCS:
-
Carbon capture and storage
- BECCS:
-
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
- BECCSU:
-
Bioenergy with carbon capture, storage, and utilization
- CCM:
-
Carbon concentration mechanism
- CRISPR-Cas9:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9
- RUBISCO:
-
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-Oxygenase
- MATLAB:
-
Matrix Laboratory
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Acknowledgements
ST and SC acknowledge the MHRD fellowship from IIT-Roorkee for pursuing Ph.D. AM acknowledges the receipt of ICMR-JRF fellowship. KMP acknowledges the support of Grants, GKC-01/2016-17/212/NMCG-Research from NMCG-MoWR, Govt. of India, ESYNT-21-KMP/IITR/119 from Esyantra Pvt. Ltd, India, and BEST-18-KMP/IITR/109 from Bharat Energy Storage Pvt. Ltd (BEST), India.
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Tripathi, S., Choudhary, S., Meena, A. et al. Carbon capture, storage, and usage with microalgae: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21, 2085–2128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01609-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01609-y