Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins are industrial contaminants of great concern due to their persistent and toxic characteristics. The predicted distribution of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in air, water, soils and sediments is unclear because their physiochemical properties are poorly known. Here, we calculated the coefficients that control the partitioning behaviors of 16 short-chain chlorinated paraffins. The results show an increase in partitioning coefficients with chlorine number for short-chain chlorinated paraffins with carbon chain length of 10. Mono-chlorinated short-chain chlorinated paraffins show an increase in partitioning coefficients with carbon number. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins with chlorines at both ends of the carbon chain have relatively lower values of \(\log K_{\text{ow}}\) and \(\log K_{\text{oa}}\). Results from the fugacity model show that mono-chlorinated short-chain chlorinated paraffins are likely to partition into water, whereas multi-chlorinated short-chain chlorinated paraffins are likely to partition into soil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bahadori B, Atabati M, Zarei K (2016) Better prediction of aqueous solubility of chlorinated hydrocarbons using support vector machine modeling. Environ Chem Lett 14(4):541–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0561-7
Bettina H, Hermann F, Wolfgang V, Mehmet C (2011) Effects of chain length, chlorination degree, and structure on the octanol–water partition coefficients of polychlorinated n-alkanes. Environ Sci Technol 45(7):2842–2849. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103098b
Bidleman TF (1988) Atmospheric processes. Environ Sci Technol 22(4):361–367. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00169a002
Dsikowitzky L, Schwarzbauer J (2014) Industrial organic contaminants: identification, toxicity and fate in the environment. Environ Chem Lett 12(3):371–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-014-0467-1
Gao Y, Zhang H, Su F, Tian Y, Chen J (2012) Environmental occurrence and distribution of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sediments and soils from the Liaohe River Basin, P. R. China. Environ Sci Technol 46(7):3771–3778. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2041256
Glüge J, Bogdal C, Scheringer M, Buser AM, Hungerbühler K (2013) Calculation of physicochemical properties for short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins. J Phys Chem Ref Data 42(2):023103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4802693
Glüge J, Wang Z, Bogdal C, Scheringer M, Hungerbühler K (2016) Global production, use, and emission volumes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins—a minimum scenario. Sci Total Environ 573:1132–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.105
Hine J, Mookerjee PK (1975) Structural effects on rates and equilibriums. XIX. Intrinsic hydrophilic character of organic compounds. Correlations in terms of structural contributions. J Org Chem 40(3):292–298. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00891a006
Mackay D (1979) Finding fugacity feasible. Environ Sci Technol 13(10):1218–1223. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60158a003
Mackay D, Paterson S (1981) Calculating fugacity. Environ Sci Technol 15(9):1006–1014. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00091a001
Mackay D, Paterson S (1982) Fugacity revisited. Environ Sci Technol 16(12):654A–660A. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00106a724
Meylan WM, Howard PH (1995) Atom/fragment contribution method for estimating octanol-water partition coefficients. J Pharm Sci 84(1):83–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600840120
Meylan WM, Howard PH (2005) Estimating octanol–air partition coefficients with octanol–water partition coefficients and Henry’s law constants. Chemosphere 61(5):640–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.029
Meylan W, Howard PH, Boethling RS (1992) Molecular topology/fragment contribution method for predicting soil sorption coefficients. Environ Sci Technol 26(8):1560–1567. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00032a011
Wang X, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Ma L, Li Y, Chang Y, Wu M (2013) Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in surface soil from a background area in China: occurrence, distribution, and congener profiles. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20(7):4742–4749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1446-3
Zeng L, Wang T, Han W, Yuan B, Liu Q, Wang Y, Jiang G (2011) Spatial and vertical distribution of short chain chlorinated paraffins in soils from wastewater irrigated farmlands. Environ Sci Technol 45(6):2100–2106. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103740v
Acknowledgements
The authors would acknowledge the support from Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (Grant Nos. SII-3-1 and 3K163005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Z., Kuramochi, H. & Osako, M. Predicted distribution of 16 short-chain chlorinated paraffins in air, water, soils and sediments. Environ Chem Lett 17, 515–520 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0787-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0787-7