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Visuelle Objektbenennungsstörungen in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik und chirurgischen Therapie bei Temporallappenepilepsie

Object naming deficits in the pre- and postoperative neuropsychological examination in temporal lobe epilepsy

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Abstract

Visual object naming is an essential part of speech processing in the brain. Structurally it involves a dynamic interplay of nonverbal object representations and stored information about the form, function and meaning of objects. Naming deficits can rely both on dysfunctions in the visual identification of objects and dysfunctions in the semantic classification of visual object representations. Clinical and psychological studies show that the left temporal lobe incorporates a semantic processing network, supporting a discriminating operation mode. It is hypothesized that a network with these functional properties can serve the purpose of precise word finding.

Visual object naming tests are a standard part of neuropsychological test protocols for surgical epilepsy treatment. Preoperatively naming deficits are frequently found in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy. Postoperatively a high risk of naming decline is associated with surgery in the speech dominant left temporal lobe. There is good empirical evidence for an interrelation between postoperative naming ability and the age of epilepsy onset. Stable naming performances are probably related to a deviant intrahemispheric speech representation as a result of early brain damage and/or chronic seizures.

Zusammenfassung

Die visuelle Objektbenennung ist ein konstruktiver Verarbeitungsprozess im Gehirn, bei dem externe Informationen sowie intern gespeichertes Wissen über Form- und Bedeutungsmerkmale von Objekten zusammengeführt werden. Klinische und kognitionspsychologische Studien zeigen eine spezifische Beteiligung des linken Temporallappens an der zielgerichteten sprachlichen Klassifikation von Objekten. Es wird vermutet, dass Benennstörungen bei linkstemporalen Schädigungen durch Fehlfunktionen in der wissensgesteuerten, semantischen Verarbeitung komplexer visueller Objektrepräsentationen resultieren.

Störungen der Objektbenennung stellen ein wichtiges Begleitsymptom bei Epilepsien im linken Temporallappen (LTE) dar. Neben präoperativen Defiziten, die primär mit der Lokalisation des epileptischen Fokus in der sprachdominanten Hemisphäre zusammenhängen, resultieren funktionelle Verschlechterungen vor allem durch linkstemporale epilepsiechirurgische Eingriffe. Risiken betreffen jedoch nicht alle Patienten gleichermaßen, sondern werden in besonderer Weise durch epilepsiespezifische Faktoren bestimmt.

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  1. Epilepsiezentrum Erlangen—Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Michael Schwarz &  Elisabeth Pauli

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  2. Elisabeth Pauli
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Correspondence to Michael Schwarz.

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Schwarz, M., Pauli, E. Visuelle Objektbenennungsstörungen in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik und chirurgischen Therapie bei Temporallappenepilepsie. Z. Epileptol. 19, 258–264 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-006-0221-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-006-0221-1

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