Abstract
The Asia–Europe Meeting forum (ASEM) was established as a mechanism to facilitate meaningful connections and dialogue between Asia and Europe. In 2010, a new chapter in European–Asian relations is being embarked upon. Standing on the brink of Asia, New Zealand and Australia (alongside Russia) are set to join ASEM. Of the three countries set to join ASEM, New Zealand presents a particular case. Traditionally, New Zealand has been seen as the most British of its former colonies, but it is increasingly both viewed and identifies itself as Asian. Using public opinion surveys and media content analysis conducted in 2009, this article demonstrates that New Zealanders continue to feel a strong connection with Britain which in turn influences its perceptions of the EU. Furthermore, New Zealand’s increasing Asian links, coupled with its Commonwealth connections and British heritage, has the potential to positively influence events at ASEM.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
For example, in the Lisbon Treaty
Indeed, the Treaty of Waitangi has been central to the formation of national reconciliation and restitution which has been deemed important for post-colonial New Zealand (Falcous 2007: 376). Although the subsequent New Zealand wars between the Maori and Pakeha (foreigners) proves that the British forcefully acquired land, the signing of the Treaty nevertheless set New Zealand apart from other British colonies.
Attributed by some to less of an Irish presence in the country
For instance, in Australia, the same survey showed 44% of the population had a connection with Britain.
Coinciding with the timing of the public opinion survey
These were—The New Zealand Herald, Waikato Times, Dominion Post, The Press and The Otago Daily Times.
References
Anderson P, Weymouth A (1999) Insulting the Public?: British Press and the European Union. Longman, UK
Avery G (2007) ‘An ever-wider Europe? Where will the EU’s borders end?’ Challenging Europe: Europe@50: back to the future. Eur Policy Cent 16:101–109
Bretherton C, Vogler J (2006) The European Union as a global actor. Routledge, London
Chaban N (2003) The EU portraits in NZ news media: media contribution to public opinion formation. Asia Pac J EU Stud 1(2):179–204
Chaban N, Bain J (2004) Peripheral and invisible?: The European Union in the New Zealand Media, 2000–2002. CERC Working Papers Series 2
Clark H (2002) New Zealand’s relationship with Europe. In: Holland M (ed) The Europa lectures 2001–2006. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch
Cohen B (1963) The press and foreign policy. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Constantine S (ed) (1990) Emigrants and empire: British settlement in the dominions between the wars. Manchester University Press, UK
Council of the European Union (2007) The European Union and New Zealand: joint declaration on relations and cooperation. http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/new_zealand/docs/joint_declaration_2007_en.pdf. Accessed 14 June 2010
Delegation of the European Union to Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam http://www.delidn.ec.europa.eu/en/relations/relations_6.htm. Accessed 27 July 2010
Dent Cr (1997–1998) The ASEM: managing the new framework of the EU’s economic relations with East Asia. Pacific Affairs 70, 4: 495–516
Donnelly J (2005) Realism. In: Scott B, Andrew L, Richard D, Jack D, Matthew P, Christian R-S, Jacqui T (eds) Theories of international relations. Palgrave McMillan, New York
During S (1998) Post-colonialism and globalisation: a dialectical relation after all? Postcolonial Stud 1:31–47
Edwards G (2000) The problems and future development of a European Union identity. In: Anderson P, Wiessala G, Williams C (eds) New Europe in transition. Continuum, London
Elgström O (2006) Leader or foot-dragger? Perceptions of the European union in multilateral international negotiations. Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies Report 1 www.sieps.se/publ/rapporter/bilagor/20061.pdf
Entman R (2004) Projections of power: framing news, public opinion and US foreign policy. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Falcous M (2007) During the 2005 lions tour of Aotearoa New Zealand the decolonizing national imaginary: promotional media constructions. J Sport Soc Issues 31(4):374–393
Fiske de Gouveia P and Plumridge H (2005) European Infopolitik: Developing EU Pubic Strategy. Foreign Policy Centre, London, www.fpc.org.uk/fsblob/657.pdf
Galt M (1995) Who came to New Zealand? New light on the origins of British settlers, 1840–1889. NZ Popul Rev 21(1 & 2):50–71
Galtung J, Ruge M (1965) The Structure of Foreign News. J Peace Res 2(1):64–91
Gibbons M (2008) New Zealand and the European Union. Pearson education. New Zealand, North Shore
Gibbons M, Holland M (2007) Friends Reunited? New Zealand and the European Union. In: Alley R (ed) New Zealand in World Affairs IV 1990–2005. Victoria University Press in association with the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Wellington
Gibbons M, Holland M (2008) Chapter 5: people to people and political links. In: Matthew G (ed) New Zealand and the European Union. Pearson education. New Zealand, North Shore
Gilboa E (2008) Searching for a theory of public diplomacy. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 616:55–77
Golden S (2006) Socio-cultural aspects of the relationship between the EU and East Asia, with particular reference to China. Asia Eur J 4:265–294
Goff P (2006) Trade, defence and disarmament policy. In: Lynch B (ed) New Zealand and the World: the major foreign policy issues, 2005–2010. New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Wellington
Graham K (2009) Special political and decolonisation committee (Fourth Committee): agenda item 39: the question of tokelau ministry statements and speeches 2009. Friday 9 October. http://www.nzembassy.com/united-nations/new-zealands-un-statements/special-political-and-decolonisation. Accessed 27.7.2010
Harevelt J (2010) Asia is where NZ future lies – PM. The Press July 13, p. A5
Herman E, Chomsky N (2002) Manufacturing consent: the political economy of the mass media. Pantheon Books, New York
Hill C (1993) The capability-expectations Gap or Conceptualising Europe’s International Role. J Common Market Stud 31(3):305–326
Holland M (2002) The European Union and the Third World. Palgrave, Houndsmills, Basingstoke and Hampshire
Holland M (2007) The Europa lectures 2001–2006. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch
Holland M, Chaban N, Benson-Rea M (2003) External perceptions of the European Union: a survey of New Zealanders’ perceptions and attitudes towards the European Union. NCRE Research Series 1. University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Hutton W, Cunliffe S (2009) You let it break; you fix it The Otago Daily Times 1 April. Guardian News & Media, London
Jackson K, Harré J (1969) New Zealand. Thames and Hudson, London
James C (2005) The pacific-ation of New Zealand. Speech to the Sydney Institute, 3 February
Johnston R (1997) Geopolitical transition and international realignment: the case of New Zealand. Geopolitics 2(3):43–69
Kelly S (2009) The European Union in the Asia-Pacific: Current Representations and the Potential Impact of the EEAS. Dissertation, University of Canterbury
Koppell J (2008) Global governance organisations: legitimacy and authority in conflict. J Public Adm Res Theory 18:177–203
Lodge J (1982) The European community and New Zealand. Pinter, London
Lynch B (2006) New Zealand and the world: the major foreign policy issues, 2005–2010. New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Victoria University of Wellington
Manners I (2002) Normative power Europe: a contradiction in terms? J Common Market Stud 40(2):235–258
Manners I (2006) Normative power Europe reconsidered: beyond the crossroads. J Eur Public Policy 13(2):182–199
Manners I (2008) The normative ethics of the European Union. Int Aff 84(1):45–60
Mayell P (2004) Beyond the ‘Outer Crescent’: the mackinder century in New Zealand geopolitics. Geogr J 170(4):368–377
McCarter N (2001) The Big OE. Tandem, Auckland
McCombs M (2004) Setting the agenda: the mass media and public opinion. Polity, Cambridge
McCully M (2009) New Zealand: A bridge between Asia and Europe. 14 December http://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/new±zealand±bridge±between±asia±and±europe
McLuskie R (1986) The great debate New Zealand Britain and the EEC: the shaping of attitudes. Decision Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington
Harold McMillan (1973) At the End of the Day 1961–1963. Robert Maclehose and Co, Glasgow
McQueen D (1998) Television: a media student’s guide. Arnold, London
Moravcsik A (1991) Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community. In: Nelsen B, Stubb A (eds) The European Union: readings on the theory and practice of European integration. Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc, London
Neil C (2008) Chapter One: New Zealand’s butter, sheep meat and wool exports to the EU-15 since 1960. In: Gibbons M (ed) New Zealand and the European Union. Pearson Education New Zealand, North Shore
New Zealand Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Europe/0-eu-overview.php. Accessed 8 May 2007
Norvill J (2009) A pity Israel did not finish the job. The Dominion Post. 10 February
Peters W (2008) New Zealand and Europe: a partnership for the 21st century Europa Lecture, Auckland http://www.delaus.ec.europa.eu/newzealand/press/speeches/Europa2008Peters.htm. Accessed 15 June 2010
Razeen S (2007) Looking East: the European Union’s new FTA Negotiations in Asia. Jan Tumlier Policy Essays 03. http://www.ecipe.org/publications/jan-tumlir-policy-essays/looking-east-the-european-union2019s-new-trade-negotiations-in-asia-1/PDF. Accessed 27 July 2010
Said E (1978) Orientalism. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London
Schiffman H (2004) Australia’s Ambivalence towards Asia: politics, Neo/Post-Colonialism, and Fact/Fiction, Book review. J Asian Stud 63(4):1071
Shoemaker P, Reese S (1995) Mediating the message: theories of influences on mass media content, 2nd edn. Longman, New York
Sinclair K (1986) A destiny apart: New Zealand’s search for national identity. Allen & Unwin, Wellington
Singleton J, Robertson P (1997) Britain, Butter, and European Integration, 1957–1964. Econ Hist Rev 50(2):327–347
Srinivasan K (2006) Nobody’s Commonwealth? the commonwealth in Britain’s post-imperial adjustment. Commonw Comp Polit 44(2):257–269
Statistic New Zealand (2010) http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/estimates_and_projections/NationalEthnicPopulationProjections_MR2006-26.aspx. Accessed 12 July 2010
Te Ara http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/english/13. Accessed 7 July 2010
The Otago Daily Times (2009a) NZ renews assault on British market. NZPA 7 February
The Otago Daily Times (2009b) UK scandal claims head of Speaker. Reuters 21 May
Tsuruoka M (2004) Expectations deficit in EU foreign relations: problems and prospects of EU-Japan partnership. Paper presented at the European foreign policy conference, London School of Economics. http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/intrel/EFPC/Papers/Tsuruoka.doc. Accessed 1 April 2009
Vázquez-Arroyo A (2008) Universal history disavowed: on critical theory and Post-colonialism. Postcolonial Stud 11(4):451–473
Yeric J, Todd J (1983) Public opinion: the visible politics. F.E Peacock Publishers, Illionois
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank Ellen Derks, an NCRE intern, for her help in collating some of the data for this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kelly, S. Clutching at the apron strings? New Zealand’s relationship with the EU and the possible consequences for ASEM. Asia Eur J 8, 211–226 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-010-0262-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-010-0262-y