Abstract
In 2020, BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) officially launched a real-time precise point positioning (PPP) service via the B2b signal broadcast by 3 BDS-3 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. This featured service of BDS-3, named PPP-B2b service, has captured increasing attention in recent years. It is well-known that satellite orbit and clock products play an important role in PPP processing. Limited by the distribution and number of permanent monitoring stations, the quality of PPP-B2b orbit and clock correction products is not as good as the products from the real-time service (RTS) of the international GNSS service (IGS). It is expected that the performance of the BDS-3 PPP-B2b service can be improved when the signal in space range errors, which account for the combined effects of remaining satellite orbit errors and clock errors, are compensated in PPP-B2b positioning. This study presents an improved approach for BDS-3 PPP-B2b positioning. In the proposed approach, ionosphere-free code measurements and ionosphere-free phase measurements are adopted. Apart from receiver position, receiver clock offset, zenith tropospheric wet delay and ambiguities, which are estimated in typical PPP-B2b positioning, the signal in space range error after applying PPP-B2b correction is also estimated and modeled as a random-walk noise for each satellite. Several experiments are conducted in different environments to assess the proposed approach. In the simulated kinematic experiment with GNSS observations from 6 stationary IGS stations, positioning accuracy with the proposed approach shows an average improvement of 21.1% in the horizontal and 25.4% in the vertical compared with the typical PPP-B2b positioning. In the land vehicle-borne experiment, an improvement of 36.0% in the horizontal and 19.0% in the vertical is achieved by using the proposed approach. In the offshore boat-borne experiment, the proposed approach outperforms the typical PPP-B2b positioning by an improvement of 15.8% horizontal and 55.7% vertical.
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Data availability
The datasets used in this work are managed by the College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao and can be available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42104011), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2021QD069), the Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC1509205), and the National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology of China, Wenhai Program of QNLM (2021WHZZB1001).
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Conceptualization: X.X. and Z.N.; Methodology: X.X.; Software: X.X. and Z.N.; Formal analysis and investigation: X.X., Z.N. and Y.Z.; Writing - original draft: X.X.; Writing - review & editing: Z.N., Z.W.; Funding acquisition: Z.N. and Z.W.; Supervision: Z.W. and Z.N.; Validation and Visualization: Y.Z. and L.D.
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Xu, X., Nie, Z., Wang, Z. et al. An improved BDS-3 PPP-B2b positioning approach by estimating signal in space range errors. GPS Solut 27, 110 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01455-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01455-z