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Association des thérapeutiques ciblées anti-EGFR avec la radio-chimiothérapie chez les patients présentant un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules localement avancé

Anti-EGFR targeted therapies combined with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

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Oncologie

Abstract

The current standard of care for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the concomitant administration of radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment combinations with molecular targeted agents represent a promising line of research and a chance of improving patient management. There is indeed a well-grounded preclinical rationale suggesting the existence of a synergistic action of targeted drugs and ionizing radiation, and there is extensive experimental evidence of a radiosensitizing effect of targeted therapies that inhibit EGFR activation (anti-EGFR). The preliminary clinical data currently available only demonstrate the feasibility of combining anti-EGFR treatments and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the promising results of phase II studies testing cetuximab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR, and concomitant radiotherapy have led to the development of phase III studies with this agent in this setting. In this article, we briefly review the experimental data and the pre-clinical rationale for treatment strategies combining radiation and targeted chemotherapies, and then we summarize the major ongoing clinical trials.

Résumé

Le traitement de référence actuel des patients présentant un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules localement avancé au thorax (CBNPC) comporte une association concomitante d’une radiothérapie et d’une chimiothérapie à base de sels de platine. L’intégration à ces traitements des thérapeutiques moléculaires ciblées (TC) représente une voie de recherche prometteuse et un espoir d’amélioration thérapeutique. Il existe en effet un rationnel préclinique bien établi pour soutenir l’hypothèse d’une synergie d’action entre TC et radiation ionisantes et de nombreuses données expérimentales témoignent de l’existence d’un effet radio sensibilisant des thérapeutiques ciblées inhibant l’activation d’EGFR (anti-EGFR). Les données cliniques actuellement disponibles sont plus préliminaires et seule la faisabilité de l’association concomitante anti-EGFR et radiothérapie a été démontrée. Toutefois des études prometteuses de phase II associant le cetuximab, un anticorps monoclonal humanisé ciblant EGFR, et une radiothérapie concomitante ont conduit au développement de cette molécule en phase III dans cette situation. L’objectif de ce travail est de revenir brièvement sur les données expérimentales et le rationnel préclinique des associations radiothérapie-TC et de faire une synthèse des principales études cliniques actuellement disponibles.

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Arpin, D., Pourel, N. Association des thérapeutiques ciblées anti-EGFR avec la radio-chimiothérapie chez les patients présentant un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules localement avancé. Oncologie 14, 275–281 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-012-2153-x

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