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Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study

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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the number of roots and root canal morphology types of maxillary premolars in relation to a patient’s gender and age in an Iraqi population using two classification systems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1116 maxillary premolars from 385 patients were evaluated for the number of roots and root canal morphology types according to Vertucci’s classification and Ahmed et al. classification systems. Differences in the number of roots and root canal morphology types with regard to tooth type, patients’ gender and age groups were evaluated and the degree of bilateral symmetry was determined. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. About 51.1% of the 1st premolars were double rooted. The majority (87.9%) of the 2nd premolars were single rooted. The three-rooted form presented in only 1.2% and 0.7% of the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Vertucci Type IV (Ahmed et al. code 2MaxP B1P1) and Vertucci Type I (Ahmed et al. code 1MaxP1) were the most common canal morphology types in the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Females showed a lower number of roots and a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Younger age groups showed a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Bilateral symmetry was seen in more than half of the maxillary premolars. There is a considerable variation in the number of roots and root canal configurations of maxillary premolars in the studied Iraqi population, with a significant difference by gender and age groups. Ahmed et al. classification provided more accurate presentation of the root and canal anatomy in maxillary premolars compared to Vertucci’s classification.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge all members of the Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah as well as members of Passion Dental Clinic in Basrah for their help in extracting patient records, DR Shubash S. Ganapathy for statistical analysis, and this study was financially supported by UNIVERSITI MALAYA DPRG grant no. UMG002E-2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

    Abdullah Mohammed Aljawhar

  2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Norliza Ibrahim

  3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Abdullah Mohammed Aljawhar, Azwatee Abdul Aziz, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed & Noor Hayati Azami

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Conceptualization: AMA, NI, AAA, HMAA, NHA; methodology: AMA, NI, AAA, HMAA, NHA; formal analysis and investigation: AMAl, HMAA, NHA; writing—original draft preparation: AMA; writing—review and editing: NI, AAA, HMAA, NHA; funding acquisition: AMA, NI, AAA, HMAA, NHA; resources: AMA, HMAA; supervision: NI, AAA, HMAA, NHA.

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Correspondence to Noor Hayati Azami.

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The authors deny any competing interests.

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Ethical approval was waived by the Scientific Committee of College of Dentistry, University of Basrah (no. 7/54/1706) and by the Medical Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, UNIVERSITI MALAYA (no. DF RD2207/0033 (L)) in view of the retrospective nature of the study and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.

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Aljawhar, A.M., Ibrahim, N., Abdul Aziz, A. et al. Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study. Odontology 112, 570–587 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00870-5

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