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Effects of smoking on the salivary and GCF levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in periodontitis

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Abstract

Periodontitis progression is associated with a host response in which anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine networks play a key role. Smoking is involved in the production of various mediators. The study aims to evaluate the levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), to investigate the effects of smoking on these cytokines in smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients. 19 smokers with periodontitis, 20 non-smokers with periodontitis, and 18 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Periodontal clinical indexes were recorded and the levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in saliva and GCF were analyzed. No significant difference was detected among the groups in terms of salivary IL-17 and IL-35 levels. GCF IL-17 and IL-35 concentration levels in the non-smoker periodontitis group were significantly lower than the others (p < 0.05). Total levels of GCF IL-17 were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups than the control group; and total levels of GCF IL-35 were significantly higher in non-smoker periodontitis group than the others (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was detected between the salivary IL-17 and IL-35 levels (r = 0.884), GCF IL-17 and IL-35 concentrations (r = 0.854), and total GCF IL-17 and IL-35 (r = 0.973) levels (p < 0.01). The present study revealed a positive correlation between the IL-35 and IL-17 levels both in saliva and GCF. IL-17 and IL-35 can be considered as one of the cytokines that play a role in periodontal health and periodontitis; and smoking may be among the factors that affect the levels of these cytokines in GCF and saliva.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Gazi University (Grant number: “03/2019-07”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ezgi Sila Taskaldiran

  2. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ezgi Sila Taskaldiran & Gulay Tuter

  3. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Aysegul Atak Yucel & Melek Yaman

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  1. Ezgi Sila Taskaldiran
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Contributions

Conceptualization: GT, EST, AAY, MY. Formal Analysis: EST, GT. Investigation: EST, GT, AAY, MY. Methodology: GT, EST, AAY, MY. Project Administration: GT, EST, AAY, MY. Writing—Original Draft: EST, GT. Writing—Review and Editing: EST, GT, AAY, MY.

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Correspondence to Gulay Tuter.

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Taskaldiran, E.S., Tuter, G., Yucel, A.A. et al. Effects of smoking on the salivary and GCF levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in periodontitis. Odontology 112, 616–623 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00843-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00843-8

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