Abstract
In this research, we utilize AVISO altimetry data, the GLORYS12V1 product, and the META3.2 DT Atlas to investigate the Benguela upwelling. By combining these three datasets, we explore the propagation of mesoscale eddies generated within the upwelling zone and examine the dispersion of particles originating from the upwelling zone. The geographical scope of our analysis is confined to the region between 10–36°S and 0–20°E. We employ Lagrangian analysis and the AMEDA approach to study the eddies formed in the upwelling zone. The diverse methods applied enable us to track the movement of upwelling fluid elements in the specified area. The identification of the upwelling zone relies on temperature and salinity gradients in the coastal region. The primary focus of this study revolves around mesoscale eddies emerging in the upwelling zone. We scrutinize the trajectories of cyclones and anticyclones as they propagate westward from the upwelling zone, highlighting variations in the number of upwelling-origin particles within these eddies. We observe distinctions in the locations of upwelling cells between cyclones and anticyclones. Our results indicate that among mesoscale eddies generated in the upwelling zone cyclones predominate. We show that Lagrangian particles, leaving the upwelling zone, propagate throughout the area under consideration. For these particles, we can determine the travel time from the upwelling zone from 1 to 365 days and distances of 500 km for cyclones and 300 km for anticyclones. We found that cyclones are more stable structures with a longer lifetime and with a longer distance traveled in contrast to anticyclones. We believe this is a distinctive feature of the eddies with upwelling origins in comparison with other mesoscale eddies in the area. Finally, we analyze the change of water properties inside the eddies after they leave the upwelling zone and show a significant renewal of vortex cores occurring after 1–2 months of their life.
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Data Availability
The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. We used the GLORYS12V1 (Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis) data, a global ocean vortex-resolving reanalysis with a spatial resolution of 1/12 at 50 levels is available via the CMS (Copernicus Marine Service): https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_001_030/description. We used the AVISO altimetry data available on the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service portal (CMEMS, http://marine.copernicus.eu/). We also used the Atlas of Altimetric Mesoscale Eddy Trajectories (META3.2 DT allsat). It was prepared by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO+ (https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/).
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Acknowledgments
The work of M.B. and A.U. on the Lagrangian analysis of passive marker advection is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) (grant No. 23-17-00068) with the help of a high-performance computing cluster at the Pacific Oceanological Institute (State Task No. 124022100072-5). The authors acknowledge the St. Petersburg State University for the research project No 116442164.
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T.B. and M.B. conceived of the presented idea. M.B. A.A., and A.U. developed the theory and performed the computations. T.B. and A.A. verified the analytical methods. T.B. and M.B. encouraged A.A. and A.U. to investigate a specific aspect and supervised the findings of this work. M.B, A.A., and A.U. prepared figures. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Belonenko, T.V., Budyansky, M.V., Akhtyamova, A.F. et al. Investigation of the Benguela upwelling eddies using Lagrangian modeling methods. Ocean Dynamics 74, 373–390 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01609-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01609-8