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Mine Water Source Discrimination Based on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in the Northern Ordos Basin, China

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Abstract

Sudden inrushes of mine water from coal roofs threaten the safe production of coal in China’s northern Ordos Basin. However, due to similar hydrochemical characteristics, routine hydrochemical analysis fails to discriminate the water sources. In this study, a new method, based on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the major inorganic constituents, and environmental isotopes was used to discriminate mine water sources. It turns out that the total dissolved solids concentration is less than 560.0 mg/L in the shallow aquifer and surface water, but exceeds 1000 mg/L in the deep aquifers. The concentrations of deuterium (D) and oxygen isotope (18O) gradually decrease in the Quaternary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic aquifers, and with increased burial depth, the age of groundwater increases. The surface water and underground aquifers differ with respect to the concentration, type, fluorescence intensity, and fluorescence regional integral of DOM. The DOM concentration and the fluorescent parameter values both generally decrease with increased burial depth. Comprehensive analysis of DOM, inorganic constituents, and environmental isotopes in water samples can be used to distinguish water sources, which may help prevent and control mine water hazards in the study area.

Zusammenfassung

Plötzliche Hangendzutritte sind eine Gefahr für eine sichere Kohleförderung im nördlichen Ordos-Becken in China. Aufgrund ähnlicher Wasserbeschaffenheit können die Herkunftsquellen der zutretenden Grubenwässer durch eine routinemäßig durchgeführte Standardanalytik alleine nicht unterschieden werden. In dieser Studie wird eine neue Methode zur Unterscheidung von Grubenwasserquellen verwendet, die neben den wichtigsten anorganischen Bestandteilen auch die auf Eigenschaften von gelöstem organischem Material (DOM) sowie Umweltisotope nutzt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Gesamtkonzentration an gelösten Feststoffen im den flachen Grundwasserleitern und in Oberflächenwasser weniger als 560 mg/L beträgt, in den tiefen Grundwasserleitern dagegen 1000 mg/L übersteigt. Die Konzentrationen von Deuterium (D) und dem Sauerstoffisotop 18O nimmt vom quartären über den kreidezeitlichen zum jurassischen Grundwasserleiter allmählich ab. Mit zunehmender Teufe wird das Grundwasseralter höher. Zudem unterscheiden sich das Oberflächen- bzw. das Grundwasser der einzelnen Grundwasserleiter bzgl. der Konzentration, des Wassertyps, der Fluoreszenzintensität und des regionalen Fluoreszenzintegrals des DOM. Die DOM-Konzentration und die Werte der Fluoreszenzparameter nehmen im Allgemeinen mit zunehmender Teufe ab. Umfassende Analysen des DOM, anorganischer Bestandteile sowie von Umweltisotopen in Wasserproben können somit zu einer Unterscheidung von Grubenwasserquellen verwendet werden. Dies trägt im Untersuchungsgebiet dazu bei, die Gefahr von Grubenwasserzutritten zu kontrollieren bzw. zu minimieren.

Resumen

Las repentinas irrupciones de agua de minas desde los techos de carbón amenazan la producción segura de carbón en la Cuenca de Ordos del norte de China. Sin embargo, debido a características hidroquímicas similares, los análisis hidroquímicos de rutina no logran discriminar las fuentes de agua. En este estudio, se utilizó un nuevo método, basado en las características de la materia orgánica disuelta (DOM), los principales constituyentes inorgánicos y los isótopos ambientales, para discriminar las fuentes de agua de las minas. Se observó que la concentración total de sólidos disueltos es inferior a 560,0 mg/L en el acuífero poco profundo y en el agua superficial, pero supera los 1000 mg/L en los acuíferos profundos. Las concentraciones de deuterio (D) e isótopo del oxígeno (18O) disminuyen gradualmente en los acuíferos cuaternarios, cretácicos y jurásicos, y con el aumento de la profundidad aumenta la edad de las aguas subterráneas. Las aguas superficiales y los acuíferos subterráneos difieren en cuanto a la concentración, el tipo, la intensidad de la fluorescencia y la integral regional de DOM. El valor de DOM y los valores de los parámetros de fluorescencia disminuyen generalmente con el aumento de la profundidad. El análisis exhaustivo de los DOM, los constituyentes inorgánicos y los isótopos ambientales en las muestras de agua puede utilizarse para distinguir las fuentes de agua, lo que puede ayudar a prevenir y controlar los peligros de irrupción de las aguas de minas en la zona de estudio.

抽象

矿井顶板突水威胁着鄂尔多斯盆地北部煤矿生产安全. 然而, 由于水化学特征相似, 常规水化学分析难以区分突水水源. 提出了一种新的突水水源识别方法: 基于溶解有机质(DOM)特征, 利用主要无机成分和环境同位素识别矿井突水水源. 结果显示, 浅层含水层水和地表水的总溶解固体 (TDS) 小于560.0 mg/L, 深层含水层水总溶解固体 (TDS) 大于1000 mg/L. 从第四系至白垩系和侏罗系含水, 水样氘(D)和氧(18O)浓度逐渐降低, 地下水年龄随着埋深增加而增长. 地表水和含水层水的溶解有机质(DOM)的浓度, 类型, 荧光强度和荧光区域积分不同。总体上, DOM浓度和荧光参数值随埋深增加而减弱. 水样DOM, 无机组分和环境同位素的综合分析可用识别水源, 有助于研究区矿井水害防治.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501104), the Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Co., Ltd. Technology Innovation Fund (2018XAYMS03), and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining (SHJT-17-42.8 and SHJT-16-30.10). The authors also thank the editors and anonymous reviewers.

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Correspondence to Shuning Dong.

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Yang, J., Dong, S., Wang, H. et al. Mine Water Source Discrimination Based on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in the Northern Ordos Basin, China. Mine Water Environ 40, 433–441 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00723-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00723-5

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