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Redescription of the circumglobal deepwater scorpionfish Setarches guentheri (Setarchidae)

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Abstract

Setarches guentheri Johnson 1862 and Setarches longimanus (Alcock 1894) are similar to each other in sharing III, 4–6 (usually 5) anal-fin rays, a moderately deep body (29.8–42.9% of standard length; SL), three sharp spines on the lacrimal, scales absent on the lower jaw, and a fresh body color ranging from dusky-red to scarlet, S. guentheri having been considered distinguishable from the latter due to a well-developed second preopercular spine (absent or reduced in S. longimanus). Newly recognized diagnostic features of S. guentheri include the number of predorsal scales, exposed thoracic and abdominal scales, and number of ventral and caudal vertebrae. Morphological characters, including ontogenetic changes and intraspecific variation, of S. guentheri are described in detail, based on non-type specimens and all available type specimens of nominal species of S. guentheri. The distribution of S. guentheri, including a range extension to the Nazca Ridge, eastern Pacific, is also reviewed, based on previous records and examined specimens. The remarkable low genetic divergence and undefined geographical isolation in S. guentheri between the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans were supported by comparison of 591 bp of the COI gene sequences from 39 and 4 specimens of S. guentheri and S. longimanus, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

We are especially grateful to A. Hay, S. Reader and M. McGrouther (AMS), S.-P. Huang (ASIZP), D. Catania and M. Hoang (CAS), A. Graham and J. Pogonoski (CSIRO), F. Tashiro (HUMZ), H. Senou (KPM), P. Pruvost, R. Causse, Z. Gabsi, J. Pfliger and P. Béarez (MNHN), H.-C. Ho (NMMB), K. Koeda (formerly NMMB), K. Matsuura, G. Shinohara, M. Nakae, and K. Kuriiwa (NSMT), R. Bills, E. Heemstra and M. Dwani (SAIAB), A. Bosman (SAM), and J. Williams, S. Raredon, K. Murphy and D. Pitassy (USNM) for their kind hospitality during the first author’s visits to their institutions; the crew of the R/V Hinode-maru, Y. Sakura (Okinawa Environmental Research Co., Ltd.), H. Endo (BSKU) and the students of BSKU, M. Matsunuma (KUN), Y. Kaji (WMNH), and H. Hata (NSMT) for collecting S. guentheri specimens; Y. Haraguchi and other volunteers and students of KAUM for curatorial assistance and collection of specimens; and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. The Vietnamese specimen was collected with the support of the Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (Haiphone) and the Ha Long Bay Management Department (Ha Long), with permission of use of the specimen granted by the Biodiversity Conservation Agency, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Hanoi). This study was supported in part by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (2019-4105); JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP23580259, JP26450265, and 20H03311; the JSPS Core-to-Core Program: B Asia-Africa Science Platforms; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; and “Establishment of Glocal Research and Education Network in the Amami Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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  1. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Hidetoshi Wada

  2. Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto, 625-0086, Japan

    Yoshiaki Kai

  3. The Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Hiroyuki Motomura

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Wada, H., Kai, Y. & Motomura, H. Redescription of the circumglobal deepwater scorpionfish Setarches guentheri (Setarchidae). Ichthyol Res 68, 32–54 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00762-6

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