Abstract
Two new species of Epigonus are described from the South Pacific. Epigonus chilensis is described on the basis of five specimens (166.3–208.3 mm standard length) collected from off Chile. It closely resembles Epigonus lenimen (Whitley 1935), but differs in the presence of a minute tubercle on symphysis of lower jaw, body depth, orbital diameter, and lower-jaw length. Epigonus machaera is described on the basis of eight specimens (157.2–174.3 mm standard length) collected from the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand. It closely resembles Epigonus robustus (Barnard 1927), but differs in the shapes of tongue and two nub-like structures on symphysis of lower jaw and second dorsal-fin spine length. Besides the two new species, 14 species of the genus are characterized by having a pungent opercular spine, more than 40 pored lateral-line scales to end of hypural, and dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 8–10. These species belong to the Epigonus constanciae group, defined in this study. A key to the species in the group is provided.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramov AA (1987) A new Epigonus species (Perciformes, Epigonidae) from the southern Pacific. Vopr Ikhtiol 27:1010–1013
Abramov AA (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. J Ichthyol 32:94–108
Ahlstrom EH, Butler JL, Sumida BY (1976) Pelagic stromateoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: kinds, distributions, and early life histories and observations on five of these from the North-west Atlantic. Bull Mar Sci 26:285–402
Barnard KH (1927) Diagnoses of new genera and species of South African marine fishes. Ann Mag Nat Hist 20(115):66–79
de Buen F (1959) Notas preliminares sobre la fauna marina preabismal de Chile, con descripción de una familia de rayas, dos géneros y siete especies nuevos. Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat Santiago 27:171–201
Dieuzeide R (1950) Sur un Epigonus nouveau de la Méditerranée (Epigonus denticulatus nov. sp.). Bull Trav Publ Sta Aquaic Peche Castiglione 2:87–105
Giglioli EH (1880) Elenco dei mammiferi, degli uccelli e dei rettili ittiofagi appartenenti alla fauna italica e catalogo degli anfibi e dei pesci italiani. Firenze
Gilbert CH (1905) The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull US Comm 23:577–713
Goode GB, Bean TH (1881) Description of a new species of fish, Apogon pandionis, from deep water off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Proc US Nat Mus 4:160–161
Goode GB, Bean TH (1896) Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the north-western Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Spec Bull US Natl Mus 2:1–553
Ida H, Okamoto M, Sakaue J (2007) Epigonus cavaticus (Teleostei: Perciformes), a new epigonid fish from Palau, western Central Pacific. Ichthyol Res 54:131–136
Jordan DS, Jordan EK (1922) A list of the fishes of Hawaii, with notes and descriptions of new species. Mem Carnegie Mus 10:1–92
Krupp F, Zajonz U, Khalaf MA (2009) A new species of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Aqua 15:223–227
Leviton AE, Gibbs RH Jr, Heal E, Dawson CE (1985) Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia 1985:802–832
Mabee PM (1988) Supraneural and predorsal bones in fishes: development and homologies. Copeia 1988:827–838
Mayer GF (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bull Mus Comp Zool 146:147–203
McCosker JE, Long DJ (1997) A new species of the deepwater cardinalfish Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Galápagos Islands. Ichthyol Res 44:125–129
Mochizuki K (1990) Apogonidae. In: Amaoka K, Matsuura K, Inada T, Takeda M, Hatanaka H, Okada K (eds) Fishes collected by the R/V “Shinkai Maru” around New Zealand. Japan Marine Fishery Resources Research Center, Tokyo, pp 258–263
Mochizuki K, Shirakihara K (1983) A new and rare apogonid species of the genus Epigonus from Japan. Jpn J Ichthyol 30:199–207
Nakamura I (1986) Apogonidae. In: Nakamura I (ed) Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fisheries Resources Research Center, Tokyo, pp 200–203
Okamoto M (2011) A new species of deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus mayeri, from the eastern Central Atlantic, and redescription of Epigonus heracleus Parin and Abramov 1986 (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyol Res 58:101–108
Okamoto M, Fukui A (2011) Redescription of a rare deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus ctenolepis Mochizuki and Shirakihara 1983, and comparison with related species (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyol Res 58:388–392
Okamoto M, Motomura H (2011) Epigonus carbonarius, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Marquesas Islands, with a redefinition of the Epigonus oligolepis group. Ichthyol Res 58:155–160
Okamoto M, Motomura H, Asahida T (2011) Redescription of a poorly known deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus affinis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Epigonidae), and comparison with related species. Species Divers 16:85–92
Parin NV, Abramov AA (1986a) Two new species of the bathypelagic fishes of the genus Epigonus (Apogonidae) from the western tropical part of the Indian Ocean. Byull Mosk O-Va Ispyt Prir (MIOP) Otd Biol 91:53–57
Parin NV, Abramov AA (1986b) Parin NV, Abramov AA (1986b) Materials for a revision of the genus Epigonus Rafinesque (Perciformes, Epigonidae): species from the submarine ridges of the southern East Pacific and preliminary review of the “Epigonus robustus species-group.” Trans PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol 121:173–194. Trans PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol 121:173–194
Rafinesque CS (1810) Indice d’ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia: disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina
Whitley GP (1935) Studies in ichthyology. No. 9. Rec Aust Mus 19:215–250
Acknowledgments
I am most grateful to the following persons and institutions for specimen loans: M. McGrouther, A. Hay, and S. Reader (AMS); Y. Kai (FAKU); I. Aoki (FUMT); M. Yabe and T. Kawai (HUMZ); A. Fukui (IORD); J.A. Seigel (LACM); T. Sato and S. Tomiyama (MSM); K. Matsuura, G. Shinohara, and M. Nakae (NSMT); F. Krupp (SMF); L.M. Page, R.H. Robins, and R.A. Singer (UF); and J. Williams and E. Wilbur (USNM). I also thank M.V. Nazarkin (ZIN) for providing data on the type specimens, H. Motomura (Kagoshima University Museum) for his assistance, and T. Fraser (UF) for his critical reading of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Okamoto, M. Two new species of the genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the South Pacific, with a definition of the Epigonus constanciae group. Ichthyol Res 59, 242–254 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-012-0284-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-012-0284-0