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Biogeochemical characteristics of the Hövsgöl–Ustilimsk water system in Mongolia and Russia: the effect of environmental factors on dissolved chemical components

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to clarify the biogeochemical characteristics of the Hövsgöl–Ustilimsk water system in Mongolia and Russia. For this purpose, we measured dissolved major elements, minor elements, and nutrients in surface water throughout the system. Calcium ions and HCO3 + 2CO3 were the dominant cations and anions in Lake Hövsgöl, respectively. As the water flows down from Lake Hövsgöl to the Egiin Gol and Selenga Rivers in Mongolia, the water quality derived from carbonate rock was found to be influenced by river confluences. In the Selenga River in Russia, major elements were diluted with low-salinity waters from the tributaries. At the boundaries between the Angara River and Bratsk or Ustilimsk Reservoirs, the behaviors of nutrients were affected by the transition of the water area from a riverine zone to a lacustrine zone. Although the composition of cations and anions changes gradually as river water flows further downstream, the water type remains to be Ca–HCO3 throughout the system. Thus, it can be concluded that the fundamental water quality of this system was determined in northern Mongolia, the source area of this water system, and that the environmental factors such as the climate, geology and, geography in its basin from Hövsgöl to Ustilimsk regulated the dissolved chemical components.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the staff members of the Baikal Museum and the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences for their generous collaboration. We appreciate the supporting staff for the field survey on the Hövsgöl–Baikal–Yenisei water system, including the crew members of the R/V Trescov on Lake Baikal for their kind cooperation with sample collection. This study was supported partly by JSPS (Japan) KAKENHI grant numbers 18255001 and 21255002. In this research, we observed the laws and regulations of Mongolia, Russia, and Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Ko Hosoda, Takahiro Murata, Akihito Mochizuki & Masahito Sugiyama

  2. Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan

    Toshiya Katano & Yuji Tanaka

  3. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan

    Tetsuro Mimura

  4. Faculty of Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1 Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0862, Japan

    Osamu Mitamura

  5. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0862, Japan

    Shin-ichi Nakano

  6. Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan

    Yuko Sugiyama

  7. Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Koshirokawa-cho, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan

    Yasuhiro Satoh

  8. Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science, Rissho University, 1700 Magechi Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0194, Japan

    Yasunori Watanabe

  9. Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia

    Ayuriin Dulmaa & Chananbaatar Ayushsuren

  10. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia

    Darmaa Ganchimeg

  11. Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Botorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia

    Valentin V. Drucker

  12. Baikal Museum, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, Listvyanka, Russia

    Vladimir A. Fialkov

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  1. Ko Hosoda
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  2. Takahiro Murata
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Darmaa Ganchimeg: Deceased.

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Hosoda, K., Murata, T., Mochizuki, A. et al. Biogeochemical characteristics of the Hövsgöl–Ustilimsk water system in Mongolia and Russia: the effect of environmental factors on dissolved chemical components. Limnology 23, 385–402 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-021-00694-8

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