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Population norms in France with EQ-5D-5L: health states, value indexes, and VAS

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Abstract

Purpose

To provide EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L French population norms based on a sample of 15,000 responders.

Methods

Based on the National Health and Wellness Survey, an international, annual, selfadministered Internet-based survey, this study extracted data from France for 2018 involving a sample of 15,000 respondents stratified by age and gender. Responses to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, together with sociodemographic, health behavior, and disease status variables were collected. VAS, value indexes, the level sum score, and the distribution of levels per dimension were described. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify covariates with a statistically significant effect on the five dimensions and the three scores.

Results

The mean [standard deviation (SD)] VAS was 73.4 (22.2) for the entire sample (male 74.8 vs female 72.2, p < 0.0001). The Mean SD value index was 0.905 (0.158) (male 0.915 vs female 0.895, p < 0.0001). The mean SD level sum score was 7.6 (3.0) (7.4 for males vs. 7.9 for females p < 0.0001). Health state 11,111 (no problem in any dimension) represented 25.1% of all responses. “No problem” responses’ proportions were Self Care (91.3%), Usual Activities (74.2%), Mobility (72.4%), Anxiety/Depression (52.6%) and Pain/Discomfort (37.7%). Multivariate regressions revealed a significant relationship for health states, value indexes, and VAS with age, income, employment, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption, obesity, and the presence of one or more health problems.

Conclusion

Based on a large sample, this study is the first to report EQ-5D-5L population norms for France.

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Data availability statement

The National Health and Wellness Study is the property of Cerner Enviza. Access to the data is submitted to the authorization of the Company.

Abbreviations

3L:

Three levels

5L:

Five levels

BMI:

Body mass index

CCI:

Charlson comorbidity index

DCE:

Discrete choice experiments

EQ-5D:

EuroQol-5 dimension

EQ-5D-3L:

Three-level version of the EQ-5D

EQ-5D-5L:

EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level

EUROSTAT:

European statistical office

IDB:

International DataBase

NHWS:

National Health and Wellness Survey

QALY:

Quality-adjusted life year

SD:

Standard deviation

TTO:

Time-trade-off

UK:

United Kingdom

VAS:

Visual analog scale

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cerner Enviza, 198, Avenue de France, 75013, Paris, France

    Laurène Gautier, Jessica Azzi, Grèce Saba & Geneviève Bonnelye

  2. ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pontoise Campus, 3 Av. Bernard Hirsch, 95000, Cergy, France

    Gérard de Pouvourville

Authors
  1. Laurène Gautier
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  2. Jessica Azzi
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  3. Grèce Saba
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  4. Geneviève Bonnelye
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  5. Gérard de Pouvourville
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Correspondence to Gérard de Pouvourville.

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Gautier, L., Azzi, J., Saba, G. et al. Population norms in France with EQ-5D-5L: health states, value indexes, and VAS. Eur J Health Econ 24, 1517–1530 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-022-01559-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-022-01559-2

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