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Prediction of higher heating value of solid fuel produced by hydrothermal carbonization of empty fruit bunch and various biomass feedstock

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Abstract

There are many influencing variables when it comes to designing a thermal conversion system for biomass and other fuels. One of the most important factors is the higher heating value (HHV). HHV is commonly measured using a bomb calorimeter; however, in order to reduce analysis costs, many correlation models have also been developed to estimate HHV. Various models have been proposed in existing literature to predict the HHV of biomass and other fuels based on proximate and ultimate analysis composition. Unfortunately, correlations for the prediction of the HHV of fuels using the hydrothermal carbonization process or hydrochar are still difficult to find in open literature. In this study, two new correlations based on proximate and ultimate analysis of biomass and hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) used for the prediction of HHV are presented. The multiple linear regression method is used to generate correlations from data on biomass collected from open literature. It was found that the correlation derived from the ultimate analysis (HHV = 0.441 C − 0.043 O) is more accurate than that derived from proximate analysis, since the former has the lowest average absolute error and an average bias error below 1.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. The raw data that support the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, the National Research and Innovation Agency of Republic of Indonesia (BRIN). The authors thank to Scribendi (https://www.scribendi.com/) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, The National Research and Innovation Agency of Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Bandung Advanced Science and Creative Engineering Space (BASICS), Jl. Cisitu, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia

    Herlian Eriska Putra, Dani Permana &  Djaenudin

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  1. Herlian Eriska Putra
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  2. Dani Permana
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  3. Djaenudin
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Contributions

HEP contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing of the original draft, reviewing, and editing. DP contributed to the conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing. D contributed to the conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing. All the authors wrote the manuscript. All the authors contributed to the discussion of the paper and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Herlian Eriska Putra.

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Putra, H.E., Permana, D. & Djaenudin Prediction of higher heating value of solid fuel produced by hydrothermal carbonization of empty fruit bunch and various biomass feedstock. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 24, 2162–2171 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01463-0

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