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Effects of fly ash addition on physical properties of porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique

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Abstract

The porous composites of clay and fly ash have the potential to be used in many fields, such as catalyst support and gas adsorbents. In this study, various ratios of fly ash (1–2) with different percentage of suspension (50–70 wt%) were applied to produce porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique. Fabrication process starts by mixing clay and fly ash in distilled water to form slurry. The process is followed by fully immersing polymer sponge in slurry. The excess slurry is then removed through squeezing. Finally, the sponge coated with slurry is sintered at 500 and 1250 °C for 1 h. It is found that the compressive strength of porous composites improves significantly (0.178–1.28 MPa) when the amount of clay-fly ash suspension mixture (50–70 wt%) increases. The compressive strength of porous composites is mainly attributed to the mullite, quartz and amorphous phase formations. These results are supported by X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, increase in the amount of suspension reduces the apparent density (from 2.44 to 2.32 g/cm3) and porosity (from 97 to 85 %). The reduction in apparent density is believed to be caused by the presence of high fly ash content in porous composites. The melted fly ash cenospheres have closed the internal pores and increased density of samples. Higher suspension level not only reduces porosity, but also increases close pores of the porous composites. The results are justified through the observation from the structures of porous clay-fly ash composites.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS Grant No.: 9003-00412) for supporting the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Frontier Materials Research, Schools of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

    W. H. Chan, M. N. Mazlee & J. B. Shamsul

  2. Structural Materials Niche Area, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Zainal Arifin Ahmad

  3. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    M. A. M. Ishak

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  1. W. H. Chan
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Correspondence to M. N. Mazlee.

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Chan, W.H., Mazlee, M.N., Ahmad, Z.A. et al. Effects of fly ash addition on physical properties of porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 19, 794–803 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0481-4

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