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A review of the potential involvement of small RNAs in transgenerational abiotic stress memory in plants

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Abstract

Crop production is increasingly threatened by the escalating weather events and rising temperatures associated with global climate change. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms, including stress memory, to cope with abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity. Stress memory involves priming, where plants remember prior stress exposures, providing enhanced responses to subsequent stress events. Stress memory can manifest as somatic, intergenerational, or transgenerational memory, persisting for different durations. The chromatin, a central regulator of gene expression, undergoes modifications like DNA acetylation, methylation, and histone variations in response to abiotic stress. Histone modifications, such as H3K4me3 and acetylation, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are significant challenges to crop production, leading to yield reductions. Plant responses to stress involve strategies like escape, avoidance, and tolerance, each influencing growth stages differently. Soil salinity affects plant growth by disrupting water potential, causing ion toxicity, and inhibiting nutrient uptake. Understanding plant responses to these stresses requires insights into histone-mediated modifications, chromatin remodeling, and the role of small RNAs in stress memory. Histone-mediated modifications, including acetylation and methylation, contribute to epigenetic stress memory, influencing plant adaptation to environmental stressors. Chromatin remodeling play a crucial role in abiotic stress responses, affecting the expression of stress-related genes. Small RNAs; miRNAs and siRNAs, participate in stress memory pathways by guiding DNA methylation and histone modifications. The interplay of these epigenetic mechanisms helps plants adapt to recurring stress events and enhance their resilience. In conclusion, unraveling the epigenetic mechanisms in plant responses to abiotic stresses provides valuable insights for developing resilient agricultural techniques. Understanding how plants utilize stress memory, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and small RNAs is crucial for designing strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production and global food security.

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  1. Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye, Turkey

    Muhammad Daniyal Junaid, Usman Khalid Chaudhry, Beyazıt Abdurrahman Şanlı, Ali Fuat Gökçe & Zahide Neslihan Öztürk

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Daniyal Junaid

  3. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Climate Change & Environmental Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Usman Khalid Chaudhry

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ZNÖ and UKC conceived the idea and planned the review. MDJ prepared figures and prepared initial draft of manuscript. UKC and BAS prepared tables and assisted in writing. ZNÖ and AFG critically reviewed. All the authors read and approved the final draft.

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Junaid, M.D., Chaudhry, U.K., Şanlı, B.A. et al. A review of the potential involvement of small RNAs in transgenerational abiotic stress memory in plants. Funct Integr Genomics 24, 74 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-024-01354-7

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