Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) fine-tune the host defense transcriptome in response to pathogen invasions. No information is available on Zingiber zerumbet (Zz) TFs involved in defense response against Pythium myriotylum. Here, we provide a global identification, characterization, and temporal expression profiling of Zz TFs following an incompatible interaction with P. myriotylum using a transcriptome sequencing approach. We identified a total of 903 TFs belonging to 96 families based on their conserved domains. Evolutionary analysis clustered the Zz TFs according to their phylogenetic affinity, providing glimpses of their functional diversities. High throughput expression array analysis highlighted a complex interplay between activating and repressing transcription factors in fine-tuning Zz defense response against P. myriotylum. The high differential modulation of TFs involved in cell wall fortification, lignin biosynthesis, and SA/JA hormone crosstalk allows us to envisage that this mechanism plays a central role in restricting P. myriotylum proliferation in Zz. This study lays a solid foundation and provides valuable resources for the investigation of the evolutionary history and biological functions of Zz TF genes involved in defense response.
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Acknowledgments
VSN and LA gratefully acknowledge Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE), Government of Kerala Post-Doctoral Fellowship (Award No: 001-11/PDF/2016/KSCSTE) and research fellowship (Award No. 010-55/FHSP/2010/CSTE), respectively. SK thanks Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India for National Post-Doctoral Fellowship (File No. PDF/2017/002022). KG gratefully acknowledges Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India for research fellowship (F. No. 9/716(0103)/2008- EMR-I). GT acknowledges CSIR, Government of India for a research grant (No. 38(1397)/14EMR-II). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments in improving the manuscript.
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VSN executed the bioinformatics pipelines, performed data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. SK contributed to the bioinformatics analysis and drafting the manuscript. TEA contributed to the data analysis. KAG performed transcriptome sequencing and assembly. LA performed microarray analysis. AN contributed to data analysis. GT conceived and supervised the study. All authors read, commented on, and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Nath, V.S., Koyyappurath, S., Alex, T.E. et al. Transcriptome-based mining and expression profiling of Pythium responsive transcription factors in Zingiber sp.. Funct Integr Genomics 19, 249–264 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-018-0644-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-018-0644-6