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Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis Through Co-culturing With Algoriphagus marincola

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Abstract

Isochrysis zhangjiangensis is an important microalgal species used as bait in aquaculture. However, its optimal cultivation temperature is around 25 °C, limiting its use in summer when temperature is higher. To overcome this limitation, we aimed to develop a consortia of I. zhangjiangensis and bacteria that are more resistant to heat stress. Here, six thermotolerance-promoting bacterial strains were isolated from the culture of a heat-tolerant mutant strain of I. zhangjiangensis (IM), and identified as Algoriphagus marincola, Nocardioides sp., Pseudidiomarina sp., Labrenzia alba, Nitratireductor sp., and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Further, co-culturing I. zhangjiangensis with A. marincola under high temperature conditions increased cell density, chlorophyll a, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and soluble protein content of microalgae. The presence of A. marincola positively influenced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in I. zhangjiangensis cells, while concurrently reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, gene expression studies confirmed that co-culturing with A. marincola upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes (sod and pod) and stress tolerance genes (heat shock protein genes). Our findings indicate that A. marincola effectively helps I. zhangjiangensis withstand high temperature stress, leading to improved yield of microalgae during high temperature conditions. The thermotolerance-promoting bacteria can be exploited as potential inoculants for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of bait microalgae in aquaculture.

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Data Availability

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors Jiayi Cao and Jilin Xu.

Abbreviations

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

POD:

Peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

T-AOC:

Total antioxidant capacity

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search tool

BCA:

Bicinchoninic acid

RT-qPCR:

Real-time quantitative PCR

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

CRT-PGPB:

Chromium-reducing thermotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria

HSPs:

Heat shock proteins

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Funding

This research was supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Research Projects, China (2019B10006), the earmarked fund for CARS-49, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project (Y202249030), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY22C190001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Government (2021J114).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China

    Simin Xu, Jiayi Cao, Minnan Wu, Yijun Xu, Yuanyuan Wu, Kaixi Shang, Lin Zhang & Jilin Xu

  2. Fujian Dalai Seed Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Ningde, 352101, Fujian, China

    Deshui Chen & Jilin Xu

  3. Laizhou Bay Marine Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, China

    Yuanyuan Wu, Bin Ma & Xinyu Liu

  4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China

    Xiaojun Yan

  5. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore

    Jiayi Cao

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  1. Simin Xu
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Contributions

Simin Xu: investigation, analysis, interpretation, and writing. Jiayi Cao: funding acquisition, conceptualization, supervision, and writing. Minnan Wu: investigation, analysis support. Yijun Xu: investigation, analysis support. Yuanyuan Wu: validation, visualization. Kaixi Shang: investigation, data curation. Bin Ma: review and editing. Lin Zhang: funding acquisition, review, and editing. Deshui Chen: conceptualization. Xinyu Liu: conceptualization. Xiaojun Yan: supervision, conceptualization. Jilin Xu: funding acquisition, review, and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jiayi Cao or Jilin Xu.

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Xu, S., Cao, J., Wu, M. et al. Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis Through Co-culturing With Algoriphagus marincola. Mar Biotechnol 25, 463–472 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10219-2

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