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Chemical Characterization and Biotechnological Applicability of Pigments Isolated from Antarctic Bacteria

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Abstract

Considering the global trend in the search for alternative natural compounds with antioxidant and sun protection factor (SPF) boosting properties, bacterial carotenoids represent an opportunity for exploring pigments of natural origin which possess high antioxidant activity, lower toxicity, no residues, and no environmental risk and are readily decomposable. In this work, three pigmented bacteria from the Antarctic continent, named Arthrobacter agilis 50cyt, Zobellia laminarie 465, and Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus 366, were able to withstand UV-B and UV-C radiation. The pigments were extracted and tested for UV absorption, antioxidant capacity, photostability, and phototoxicity profile in murine fibroblasts (3T3 NRU PT–OECD TG 432) to evaluate their further potential use as UV filters. Furthermore, the pigments were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector–mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The results showed that all pigments presented a very high antioxidant activity and good stability under exposure to UV light. However, except for a fraction of the A. agilis 50cyt pigment, they were shown to be phototoxic. A total of 18 different carotenoids were identified from 23 that were separated on a C18 column. The C50 carotenes bacterioruberin and decaprenoxanthin (including its variations) were confirmed for A. agilis 50cyt and A. psychrochitiniphilus 366, respectively. All-trans-bacterioruberin was identified as the pigment that did not express phototoxic activity in the 3T3 NRU PT assay (MPE < 0.1). Zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and phytoene were detected in Z. laminarie 465. In conclusion, carotenoids identified in this work from Antarctic bacteria open perspectives for their further biotechnological application towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way of pigment exploitation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo–FAPESP for financial funding (process numbers 2014/17936-1, 2016/05640-6, and 2017/21790-0). The MycoAntar Project (CNPq) and the Brazilian Antarctic Program are also acknowledged for making the sampling feasible in the OPERANTAR XXXIII (summer 2014/2015) and OPERANTAR XXXIV (summer 2015/2016). We also would like to thank Dr. Marcos Eberlin and Dr. Fabio Neves from ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory in UNICAMP for the analytical chemistry training.

Funding

This study was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation–FAPESP (grant numbers 2014/17936-1, 2016/05640-6, and 2017/21790-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), P.O. Box: 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Tiago R. Silva

  2. Division of Microbial Resources, Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil

    Tiago R. Silva & Valeria M. Oliveira

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Renata S. N. Tavares, Hosana M. Debonsi & Lorena R. G. Cordeiro

  4. Department of Chemistry, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain

    Ramon Canela-Garayoa & Jordi Eras

  5. Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil

    Marili V. N. Rodrigues

  6. Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Iramaia A. Neri-Numa & Glaucia M. Pastore

  7. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Luiz H. Rosa

  8. Department of Data Science, Telcel, Mexico City, Mexico

    José A. A. Schultz

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Silva, T.R., Tavares, R.S.N., Canela-Garayoa, R. et al. Chemical Characterization and Biotechnological Applicability of Pigments Isolated from Antarctic Bacteria. Mar Biotechnol 21, 416–429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-019-09892-z

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