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Transcriptome of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Early Embryos from Farmed and Wild Broodstocks

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Abstract

Significant efforts have been made to elucidate factors affecting egg quality in fish. Recently, we have shown that eggs originating from wild broodstock (WB) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) are of superior quality to those derived from farmed broodstock (FB), and this is associated with differences in the chemical composition of egg yolk. However, maternal transcripts, accumulated during oogenesis, have not been studied extensively in fish. The aim of the present study was to characterize putative maternal mRNA transcriptome in fertilized eggs of Atlantic cod and to compare transcript pools between WB and FB in order to investigate the relation between egg developmental potential and putative maternal mRNA deposits. We performed high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. For each WB and FB group, five cDNA libraries were individually tagged and sequenced, resulting in 98,687 (WB) and 119,333 (FB) average reads per library. Sequencing reads were de novo assembled, annotated, and mapped. Out of 13,726 identified isotigs, 238 were differentially expressed between WB and FB, with 155 isotigs significantly upregulated in WB. The sequence reads were mapped to 11,340 different Atlantic cod transcripts and 158 sequences were differentially expressed between the 2 groups. Important transcripts involved in fructose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation were differentially represented between the two broodstock groups, showing potential as biomarkers of egg quality in teleosts. Our findings contribute to the hypothesis that maternal mRNAs affect egg quality and, consequently, the early development of fish.

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Acknowledgments

The study was funded by the Research Council of Norway, project 182653/V10. The authors gratefully thank Bjørnar Eggen for the technical assistance during egg collection and incubation. The authors are also thankful to Morten Krogstad and Marianne Fossum for their help in procuring wild fish for the study. We also thank Macrogen Incorporated (Seoul, South Korea) for providing the 454 pyrosequencing service. C.F.C. Lanes’ Ph.D. scholarship is partially supported by the Research Council of Norway and the University of Nordland.

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  1. Carlos Frederico Ceccon Lanes

    Present address: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil

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  1. Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049, Bodø, Norway

    Carlos Frederico Ceccon Lanes, Teshome Tilahun Bizuayehu, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Fernandes, Viswanath Kiron & Igor Babiak

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  1. Carlos Frederico Ceccon Lanes
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Lanes, C.F.C., Bizuayehu, T.T., de Oliveira Fernandes, J.M. et al. Transcriptome of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Early Embryos from Farmed and Wild Broodstocks. Mar Biotechnol 15, 677–694 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-013-9527-y

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