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Decyloxyphenyl-substituted quinoxaline-embedded conjugated electrochromic polymers with high switching stability and fast response speed

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Abstract

Two novel decyloxyphenylquinoxaline-based donor-acceptor (D-A) electroactive monomers bearing dialkoxythiophene as the donor unit are synthesized using Stille coupling reaction. The corresponding polymers, poly[2,3-bis(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5,8-bis(3,4-dimethoxylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline] (P1) and poly[2,3-bis(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5,8-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)quinoxaline] (P2), are directly deposited onto the working electrode surface by electropolymerization. All materials were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry (UV-Vis) and spectro-electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that both polymers are capable of showing both reasonable n- and p-doping processes, and advanced long-term switching stabilities. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene substituted for 3,4-dimethoxythiophene as a donor unit, which enhances the conjugated double-bond character of the conducting polymer, thus leading to a lower electronic band-gap. Likewise, the neutral state color of the synthesized polymer tuned from blue to blue-green corresponding to the red shift of the maximum absorption wavelengths in the visible region. In addition, kinetics study of P1 revealed 42% (595 nm), 30% (839 nm) and 69% (1500 nm) transmittance changes (ΔT%), while P2 exhibited 32% (740 nm), 71% (2000 nm) at the dominant wavelengths. It was also observed that both films could switch quickly between the neutral state and oxidation state, with the response time less than 1 s both in visible and near infrared regions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China

    Zhen Xu & Wei-yu Fan  (范维玉)

  2. Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China

    Ling-qian Kong

  3. Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China

    Jin-sheng Zhao  (赵金生)

Authors
  1. Zhen Xu
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  2. Ling-qian Kong
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  3. Jin-sheng Zhao  (赵金生)
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  4. Wei-yu Fan  (范维玉)
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jin-sheng Zhao  (赵金生) or Wei-yu Fan  (范维玉).

Additional information

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51473074 and 31400044), the General and Special Program of the Postdoctoral Science Foundation China (Nos. 2013M530397 and 2014T70861), the Postgraduate Innovation Project of China University of Petroleum (East China) (No. YCX2015022) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 15CX06049A).

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Xu, Z., Kong, Lq., Zhao, Js. et al. Decyloxyphenyl-substituted quinoxaline-embedded conjugated electrochromic polymers with high switching stability and fast response speed. Chin J Polym Sci 34, 407–419 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1759-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1759-7

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