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Effects of high-frequency near infrared laser irradiation on experimental tooth movement–induced pain in rats

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Abstract

Discomfort and dull pain are known side effects of orthodontic treatment. Pain is expected to be reduced by near-infrared (NIR) lasers; however, the mechanism underlying effects of short-pulse NIR lasers in the oral and maxillofacial area remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of high-frequency NIR diode laser irradiation on pain during experimental tooth movement (ETM) on 120 J. NIR laser with 910 nm wavelength, 45 W maximum output power, 300 mW average output power, and 200 ns pulse width (Lumix 2; (Lumix 2; Fisioline, Verduno CN, Italy) was used for the experiment. A nickel–titanium-closed coil was used to apply a 50-gf force between the maxillary left-side first molar and incisor in 7-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats (280–300 g) to induce ETM. We measured facial-grooming frequency and vacuous chewing movement (VCM) period between laser-irradiation and ETM groups. We performed immunofluorescent histochemistry analysis to quantify levels of Iba-1, astrocytes, and c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (Vc). Compared with the ETM group, the laser irradiation group had significantly decreased facial-grooming frequency (P = 0.0036), VCM period (P = 0.043), Fos-IR (P = 0.0028), Iba-1 levels (P = 0.0069), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels (P = 0.0071). High-frequency NIR diode laser irradiation appears to have significant analgesic effects on ETM-induced pain, which involve inhibiting neuronal activity, microglia, and astrocytes, and it inhibits c-fos, Iba-1, and GFAP expression, reducing ETM-induced pain in rats. High-frequency NIR diode laser application could be applied to reduce pain during orthodontic tooth movement.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Drs. P. K. DenBesten, W. Li, T.Q. Le, Y. Zhang, L. Zhu, and Y. Nakano of the Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, who gave us opportunity and advice to start this research project. The authors would like to thank Emeritus Professor Kazuo Tanne of the Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, for kindly providing advice to this work. This work was performed at the Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hiroshima University.

Funding

This work was funded by grants from the Japan Society for Promotions of Science (grant numbers: 19K10385, 20K18759, and 20K10226).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan

    Ayaka Nakatani, Ryo Kunimatsu, Yuji Tsuka, Shuzo Sakata, Kayo Horie, Hidemi Gunji, Shota Ito, Isamu Kado, Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti & Kotaro Tanimoto

  2. Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Ryuji Terayama

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  1. Ayaka Nakatani
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Contributions

Ayaka Nakatani conducted the main experiments and prepared the manuscript. Ayaka Nakatani and Ryo Kunimatsu analyzed the data and contributed clarifications and guidance on the manuscript. Ryo Kunimatsu and Yuji Tsuka conceived and designed the experiments. Ayaka Nakatani, Kayo Horie, Hidemi Gunji, Shuzou Sakata, Shota Ito, and Ryuji Terayama performed the experiments. Ryo Kunimatsu, Isamu Kado, and Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti prepared the manuscript. Totaro Tanimoto and Ryuji Terayama designed and supervised the study. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ryo Kunimatsu.

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All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of Hiroshima University School of Dentistry (approval number A17-187). All procedures performed in studies were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Nakatani, A., Kunimatsu, R., Tsuka, Y. et al. Effects of high-frequency near infrared laser irradiation on experimental tooth movement–induced pain in rats. Lasers Med Sci 37, 2697–2706 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-022-03543-x

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