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The influence of delivery power losses and full operating parametry on the effectiveness of diode visible–near infra-red (445–1064 nm) laser therapy in dentistry—a multi-centre investigation

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Abstract

The development of protocols for laser-assisted therapy demands strict compliance with comprehensive operating parametry. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of correlation between laser control panel and fibre emission power values in a selection of diode dental lasers. Through retrospective analysis using successive systematic review and meta-analysis, it is clear that there is inconsistency in the details, and possible inaccuracies in laser power applied and associated computed data. Through a multi-centre investigation, 38 semi-conductor (“diode”) dental laser units were chosen, with emission wavelengths ranging from 445 to 1064 nm. Each unit had been recently serviced according to manufacturer’s recommendations, and delivery fibre assembly checked for patency and correct alignment with the parent laser unit. Subject to the output capacity of each laser, four average power values were chosen using the laser control panel—100 mW, 500 mW, 1.0 W, and 2.0 W. Using a calibrated power meter, the post-fibre emission power value was measured, and a percentage power loss calculated. For each emission, a series of six measurements were made and analysed to investigate sources of power losses along the delivery fibre, and to evaluate the precision of power loss determinations. Statistical analysis of a dataset comprising % deviations from power setting levels was performed using a factorial ANOVA model, and this demonstrated very highly significant differences between devices tested and emission power levels applied (p < 10–142 and < 10–52 respectively). The devices × emission power interaction effect was also markedly significant (p < 10–66), and this confirmed that differences observed in these deviations for each prior power setting parameter were dependent on the device employed for delivery. Power losses were found to be negatively related to power settings applied. Significant differences have emerged to recommend the need to standardize a minimum set of parameters that should form the basis of comparative research into laser–tissue interactions, both in vitro and in vivo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK

    Steven Parker, Mark Cronshaw, Martin Grootveld, Eugenia Anagnostaki & Valina Mylona

  2. School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Mark Cronshaw

  3. School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Roy George

  4. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Marianna Chala

  5. Emeritus Professor, University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD, Australia

    Laurence Walsh

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  1. Steven Parker
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by all authors. Data analysis was performed by Martin Grootveld and Steven Parker. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Steven Parker and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Steven Parker.

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Parker, S., Cronshaw, M., Grootveld, M. et al. The influence of delivery power losses and full operating parametry on the effectiveness of diode visible–near infra-red (445–1064 nm) laser therapy in dentistry—a multi-centre investigation. Lasers Med Sci 37, 2249–2257 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03491-y

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